Current Biotechnology

Progress on Function of GA in Wheat Growth and Stress Responses
LIU Peng, GUO Zhi-hui, CHEN Xu, GUO Liang-hai, TIAN Yu-bing, DI Tian-mei, WANG Fu-yan
2015, 5(4): 253-258. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.01
Abstract ( ) PDF (1642KB)( )

As one of the five important plant hormones, gibberellins regulate many physiological processes in wheat including the seed germination, plant height establishment, spike development and stress responses. The manipulation of GA signaling pathway promoted the increase of wheat yield. We reviewed the research progress in wheat focusing on the GA biosynthesis, agronomic traits regulation by GA, and functional studies of key genes in GA signaling pathway in the past five years, which was expected to provide reference for better utilization of the GA pathway to further increasing of the wheat yield and resistance.

The Application of Molecular Markers in Maize Breeding
ZHANG Zheng1, LIAN Ling-yan2, WANG Gao-hong1, DU Yan-wei1, LI Yan-fang1, ZHAO Jin-feng1*
2015, 5(4): 259-264. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.02
Abstract ( ) PDF (1134KB)( )

Development of biotechnology promote the chiastopic fusion of molecular biology and thremmatology, promote the process and efficiency of breeding work. This paper mainly introduced the application of the division of heterosis group, varietal purity and authenticity of detection, functional gene location, the genetic variety of analysis and transgenic detection, analyzed and discussed the problems existing in present and the development prospect in the future, which was expected to provide reference for maize molecular breeding.

Progress of Tobacco Cadmium Accumulation and Controlling Measures
2015, 5(4): 265-271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.03
Abstract ( ) PDF (1167KB)( )

Tobacco is one of the cadmium accumulation and tolerance crops. Decreasing cadmium content of tobacco contributes to human health. This paper reviewed research progress on content, enrichment characteristic and controlling measures of cadmium in tobacco. The current situations and existing challenges in the research field were discussed. At last, we put forward several effective suggestions for future research, aiming to lower cadmium level in tobacco leaves.

Progress on Plant Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase
JIANG Qi-yan, Niu Feng-juan, HU Zheng, ZHANG Hui*
2015, 5(4): 272-278. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.04
Abstract ( ) PDF (4351KB)( )

It is well known that pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) plays a controlling role in the PEP-regeneration phase of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. However, PPDK has no established function in C3 plants and its role in stress response has remained unclear. The advances in plant PPDK were reviewed in this paper, including PPDK function in C4 and C3 plant, the activity regulation of PPDK in plants, PPDK gene engineering and the role of PPDK in responding stress. The results and achievements were expected to provide the theoretically basis for deciphering the salt tolerance mechanism and breeding cultivars with high stress tolerance.

Physiological Function and Potential Applications of Cold Shock Proteins in Microbes
ZHANG Xue1,2§, ZHANG Hua-fang3§, LIU Qing2,4, ZHANG Yu-wei2, LIU Bo2*
2015, 5(4): 279-284. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.05
Abstract ( ) PDF (1171KB)( )

Cold shock response, a phenomenon that results from a sudden decrease in conditional temperature, widely lies in microbes; cold-shock proteins (CSPs), some small homologous proteins were found to play important roles in cold shock response. It is revealed that CSPs regulate the expression of some genes invovled in cold shock response, and also regulate a wide range of genes expression, such as normal growth and differentiation of hosts, invasiveness and pathogenicity of pathogen, and stress response of hosts including high pressure and antibiotic stress. The paper summarized the source of CSPs, physiological characters regulation that CSPs involved, and the application of CSPs based on cold shock response, which was expected to provide reference for fermentation process conditions, food storage, inhibition of pathogens, crop genetic improvement, and so on.

Progress on Selenium Metabolism and Nutrition in Human
WANG Lei, DU Fei, SUN Hui, ZHANG Chun-yi*
2015, 5(4): 285-290. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.06
Abstract ( ) PDF (1137KB)( )

Selenium(Se) is an important trace element for human health. The paper summarized the advances of Se metabolism and nutrition in human, covering selenium in food and absorption, concentration and distribution in human body, selenium metabolism pathway, biological activated form disease, selenium toxicity and safe daily selenium intake. On this base, Se intake research based on synthetic evaluation including distribution of selenium resources and Se reaction disease, dietary structure in china was suggested for further theoretical and practical guidance on disease control and prevention through selenium supplement.

The Application of Adipose Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
ZHANG Shuang1,2, ZHENG Dong2, MA Yue-hui1*
2015, 5(4): 291-296. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.07
Abstract ( ) PDF (1170KB)( )

Regenerative medicine is a new-rising subject that focus on how to promote trauma and tissue regeneration and functional reconstruction of emerging disciplines, mainly through the study of stem cells, the body and other normal tissue trauma repair and regeneration mechanism to maintain, repair, regeneration or improve the function of damaged tissues and organs. Adipose stem cells (ASCs), isolated from adipose tissue in recent years, has a multi-directional differentiation potential of stem cells. ASCs is enough, can be used in actual, have certain appeal from somatic cells instead of donor resources and can be widely used for tissue repair and regeneration, developmental plasticity and cell therapy research. This paper expounded the action mode of the adipose stem cells in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells for adipose stem cells in paracrine, soft tissue reconstruction and wound repair, reconstruction of skeletal muscle reconstruction, cardiovascular remodeling, nervous system and cancer metastasis and invasion. The paper also summarized the current use of adipose stem cells participate in clinical treatment, which was expected to provide reference for the application of adipose stem cells in regenerative medicine research.

Expression of Genes Involved in DHA Synthesis Pathway in Pichia pastoris
LI Song-yan1,2, XU Yao-guang2, ZHANG Xiao-dong1,2*
2015, 5(4): 297-304. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.08
Abstract ( ) PDF (4870KB)( )

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid and essential for human being. Fishes and microalgae from marine are the main source of DHA product for now. DHA cant be synthetized by itself in higher plant, so it will be significant to create DHA crops by genetic engineering. In this study, five genes from marine microlgae which involved in DHA synthesis were cloned, including three fatty acid desaturase genes (D4, D5 and D6 genes encode Δ4, Δ5 and Δ6 fatty acid desaturase, respectively) and two elongase (E18 and E20 encode C18 and C20 fatty acid elongase, respectively). To confirm whether these optimized genes could express exactly in eukaryotes, the five target genes were cloned into pPIC9K and the resulting vectors were transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 (His4+Muts). The results demonstrated the maximum proteins were obtained at 96 hours induced by methanol. Western Blot result showed that the expression product was target protein. These results laid the foundation for maize breeding containing DHA.

Cloning and Expression of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Biodegrading Gene from Acinetobacter sp.
LIANG Jun-shi, XU Lei*
2015, 5(4): 305-309. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.09
Abstract ( ) PDF (1936KB)( )

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is known as non-specific intermediate products of pyrethriods pesticide, which has antiestrogenic activity, and can disturb the endocrine system in vivo. 3-PBA has wider migration, longer half-life period, and higher biotoxicity than the pyrethroid pesticide, so it has been used as a marker for pyrethroids exposure. With the contruction and screening of 4-D(Acinetobacter sp.) genomic library, the key gene having a ORF of 921 bp and encoding an amino acid of 306 aa for degrading 3-PBA was screened, its GenBank accession number was KR024742. Homolog comparison results and substrate experiments inferred that it was catechol dioxygenase. The primer was designed on the authority of opening reading frames(ORF) and added with restriction sites of NdeⅠ and HindⅢ. With genomic DNA of 4-D as template, the D34 gene was cloned. The recombinant expression vector pET-21b-D34 plasmid was constructed and transformed into competent cell BL21 (DE3). After inducing by IPTG(0.1 mmol/L), the degration rate of 3-PBA was 18.7%. Results provided theory reference for microbial environmental restoration of 3-PBA population.

Studies on the Gene Cloning and its Characterization of α-Galactosidases from Brachybacterium sp. DB5
LIU Xiao-dan1,2, DONG Ji-sheng1, JI Tie-qiang1, YANG Pei-long2*
2015, 5(4): 310-314. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.10
Abstract ( ) PDF (1323KB)( )

Alpha- galactosidase is a kind of industrial enzyme preparation with a huge commercial value, which has been widely used in medicine, food and chemical industries. A strain of Brachybacterium sp. DB5 was selected to isolate α- galactosidase gene by PCR. Sequencing and BLAST analysises showed that the sequence encoded a α-galactosidase. It was recombinant into the vector pET-30a(+) and transformed into the strain E. coli. α-Galactosidase gene was expressed efficiently after induction with IPTG. An expression activity 5.07 U/mL was obtained. After purification of pure, enzyme activity was 72.78 U/mL. The enzymatic analysis revealed that its optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and 40℃, respectively. The enzyme could be used for additive of animal feed, soybean meal, in order to improve the feed utilization rate.

Studies on Proline, Malondialdehyde and Oxidase Contents of Different Plant Type of Reaumuria soongorica in the Drought and Salinity Stress
ZHU Lin, LIU Rui-xiang*
2015, 5(4): 315-320. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.11
Abstract ( ) PDF (1582KB)( )

To study the relationships between Reaumuria soongorica plant type and physiological parameters, the oxidase (POD, SOD, CAT) activity, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro), and moisture content of aboveground plant in Alxa Banner Reaumuria soongorica community were measured. The physiological adaptability of different plant type of Reaumuria soongorica in drought and saline environment was discussed. Results showed that: the larger plant had more moisture content of aboveground; MDA, SOD, POD and Pro between different plant types had no significant difference; Reaumuria soongoricas were all belong to the moderate anti-drought type by comprehensive evaluation, and the anti-drought ability were ranked as medium-sized plants > large plants > small plants.

Influence of PAP on the IFN-γ and Soluble LAG-3 Molecule Level of Spleen Lymphocyte Supernatant in Mice
WEI Hui1, HE Duo-yi2, BAI De-cheng1*, CHENG Ju1, SHEN Rong1, ZHANG Qian-qian1
2015, 5(4): 321-324. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2341.2015.04.12
Abstract ( ) PDF (1721KB)( )

To observe the influence of PAP on the IFN-γ and soluble LAG-3 molecule level of spleen lymphocyte supernatant in mice which acute exposured to low doses of cadmium. The solution of cadmium chloride were injected into the intraperitoneal of the test mice with 1 mg/kg. After 24 h, the model had been successfully made, PAP of low, medium and high doses were injected into the intraperitoneal for a week, spleen index and thymus index were measured at the end of the experiment, the content of IFN-γ and sLAG-3 were measured by ELISA. The cells of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ in spleen lymphocytes was observed by immunofluorescence. The results showed that, compared with the blank control and the cadmium stained positive control, the content of IFN-γ and sLAG-3 were increased among the different doses of PAP groups. The high concentration group increased the most obvious（P<0.05）, the amount of CD3+, CD4+ cells were also correspond to the number of rising but CD8+cells were not increased significantly. It was still the most significant increase in the high dose group. PAP could increase the content of IFN-γ and soluble LAG-3 of the mice acute exposuring to low doses of cadmium, and CD3+,CD4+ lymphocytes were in a corresponding increase.

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