Research Progress and Environmental Safety Assessment of Transgenic Cotton in China

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0112

Current Biotechnology ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 774-785.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0112

• Special Forum on Detection Technology for Genetically Modified Organisms • Previous Articles Next Articles

Research Progress and Environmental Safety Assessment of Transgenic Cotton in China

Mengyao JIA¹^,²(), Deqin HU¹^,³, Yuan LI¹^,³, Dongmei WANG¹, Wei LU², Hongsheng PAN¹()

^1.Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station in Bayingol of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Institute of Plant Protection，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830091，China
^2.Silk Road Economic Belt Cotton High-quality and Efficient Collaborative Innovation Centre，Engineering Research Centre of Cotton，Ministry of Education，College of Agriculture，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
^3.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering，College of Life Science and Technology，Xinjiang University，Urumqi 830017，China

Received:2026-04-30 Accepted:2026-06-01 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-09-11
Contact: Hongsheng PAN

Abstract

Abstract:

Transgenic cotton is one of the most successfully commercialized transgenic crops worldwide. In 2023， its planting area accounted for 80.4% of the global total cotton acreage， and by 2025， the adoption rate in China had reached 95%. While transgenic cotton has effectively controlled Helicoverpa armigera infestation and significantly reduced the application of chemical pesticides， the evolution of target pest resistance， ecological risks associated with changing cropping structures， and persistent public concerns regarding the environmental safety of transgenic crops have emerged as core issues constraining the high-quality development of this industry. Against this background， this paper systematically reviewed the progress of transgenic cotton breeding， industrial application， and environmental safety assessment in China over the past three decades. It summarized the diversified breeding technology systems for insect resistance， herbicide tolerance， disease resistance， stress tolerance， and quality improvement， analyzed the mechanisms of Bt resistance evolution in H. armigera and the region-specific prevention and control strategies， and evaluated the ecological risks of transgenic cotton to non-target organisms， soil microecology， and gene flow. Furthermore， in view of the current layout of cotton-growing regions and frontiers in biotechnology， this paper prospected the future directions of gene-editing breeding， long-term ecological monitoring， and refined biosafety management， aiming to provide a scientific reference for the sustainable application of transgenic cotton and the high-quality development of China's cotton industry.

Key words: genetically modified cotton, Bt cotton, gene editing, environmental safety assessment, ecological risk, resistance management

CLC Number:

Q943.2

Mengyao JIA, Deqin HU, Yuan LI, Dongmei WANG, Wei LU, Hongsheng PAN. Research Progress and Environmental Safety Assessment of Transgenic Cotton in China[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 774-785.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/EN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0112

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/EN/Y2026/V16/I4/774

Figures/Tables 1

References 103

[1]	赵丹,吴琼,沈丹,等.我国转基因棉花研究与展望[J].辽宁农业科学,2013(1):41-44.
	ZHAO D, WU Q, SHEN D, et al.. Research and prospect of transgenic cotton in China[J]. Liaoning Agric. Sci., 2013(1): 41-44.
[2]	郭三堆,王远,孙国清,等.中国转基因棉花研发应用二十年[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3372-3387.
	GUO S D, WANG Y, SUN G Q, et al.. Twenty years of research and application of transgenic cotton in China[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2015, 48(17): 3372-3387.
[3]	潘华,王志美,胡文亭,等.转基因技术及农业生产应用[J].现代园艺,2022,45(8):181-183.
	PAN H, WANG Z M, HU W T, et al.. Transgenic technology and its application in agricultural production[J]. Xiandai Hortic., 2022, 45(8): 181-183.
[4]	李浩辉,刘彩月,张海文,等.2022年度全球转基因作物产业化发展现状及趋势分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2023,25(12):6-16.
	LI H H, LIU C Y, ZHANG H W, et al.. Global genetically modified crop industrialization trends in 2022[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2023, 25(12): 6-16.
[5]	CHENG X, LI H, TANG Q, et al.. Trends in the global commercialization of genetically modified crops in 2023[J]. J. Integr. Agric., 2024, 23(12): 3943-3952.
[6]	JI M, ABIDALLHA E H M A, ZHANG X, et al.. Enhanced insecticidal efficiency of transgenic Bt cotton seed following application of amino acid combinations[J/OL]. Plants, 2026, 15(9): 1403[2026-04-11]. .
[7]	世界农化网. 全球转基因作物版图更迭:复合性状成种子“出厂标配”,技术竞争不仅仅是面积扩张[EB/OL]. (2026-05-29)[2026-06-01]. .
[8]	EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms. Assessment of genetically modified cotton GHB614×T304-40×GHB119×COT102 (application EFSA-GMO-ES-2017-147)[J/OL]. EFSA J., 2025, 23(12): e9752[2026-04-11]. .
[9]	Argentina Approves Gensus GM Cotton Trait[EB/OL]. (2026-05-29)[2026-06-10]. .
[10]	CHENG X, WANG P, WANG X, et al.. Engineering seed-specific gossypol-free cotton for human-safe consumption by harnessing the dominant-negative effect of the Gl₂ ^e mutation[J/OL]. Plant Commun., 2026, 7(2): 101628[2026-04-11]. .
[11]	卢秀茹,贾肖月,牛佳慧.中国棉花产业发展现状及展望[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(1):26-36.
	LU X R, JIA X Y, NIU J H. The present situation and prospects of cotton industry development in China[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2018, 51(1): 26-36.
[12]	张泓,吐尔逊江·买买提,张少民,等.近30年全国棉花生产区域时空变化及区域优势分析[J].新疆农业科学,2023,60(4):1028-1040.
	ZHANG H, TURXUJIANG M, ZHANG S M, , et al.. Spatio-temporal variation and regional advantages of cotton production in recent 30 years in China[J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2023, 60(4): 1028-1040.
[13]	王俊铎,崔豫疆,梁亚军,等.新疆棉花生产优势区域分析[J].新疆农业科学,2024,61(S1):60-69.
	WANG J D, CUI Y J, LIANG Y J, et al.. Xinjiang cotton production advantageous regional layout scheme[J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2024, 61(S1): 60-69.
[14]	陆宴辉,梁革梅,张永军,等.二十一世纪以来棉花害虫治理成就与展望[J].应用昆虫学报,2020,57(3):477-490.
	LU Y H, LIANG G M, ZHANG Y J, et al.. Advances in the management of insect pests of cotton in China since the 21st century[J]. Chin. J. Appl. Entomol., 2020, 57(3): 477-490.
[15]	WANG M, WANG L, YU X, et al.. Enhancing cold and drought tolerance in cotton: a protective role of SikCOR413PM1[J/OL]. BMC Plant Biol., 2023, 23(1): 577[2026-04-11]. .
[16]	JIAN H, WEI F, CHEN P, et al.. Genome-wide analysis of SET domain genes and the function of GhSDG51 during salt stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J/OL]. BMC Plant Biol., 2023, 23(1): 653[2026-04-11]. .
[17]	LIANG C, JIN S. Three decades and beyond: breeding, biotech breakthroughs and future of China's GM insect-resistant cotton[J]. J. Integr. Agric., 2024, 23(10): 3243-3249.
[18]	SUN L, ALARIQI M, WANG Y, et al.. Construction of host plant insect-resistance mutant library by high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 system and identification of a broad-spectrum insect resistance gene[J/OL]. Adv. Sci., 2024, 11(4): 2306157[2026-04-11]. .
[19]	陈泳泽, 朱鹤, 陈捷胤, 等. ‘中植棉2号’果胶甲酯酶抑制剂基因GhPMEI1抗黄萎病功能鉴定[J/OL]. 分子植物育种, 1-12[2026-03-18]. .
	CHEN Y Z, ZHU H, CHEN J Y, et al.. Functional identification of pectin methylesterase inhibitor gene GhPMEI1 in ‘Zhongzhimian 2' for resistance to Verticillium wilt[J/OL]. Mol. Plant Breed., 1-12[2026-03-18]. .
[20]	王雪颖,吕慧捷,周鸿淼,等.我国棉花产业链发展现状及展望[J].农业与技术,2022,42(14):139-142.
	WANG X Y, LYU H J, ZHOU H M, et al.. Present situation and prospect of China's cotton industry chain development[J]. Agric. Technol., 2022, 42(14): 139-142.
[21]	张明杨,程志强,范玉兵.气候变化下转基因抗虫棉技术推广对农业全要素生产率的影响机制[J].农业技术经济,2023(6):17-34.
	ZHANG M Y, CHENG Z Q, FAN Y B. Exploring the impact of insect-resistant transgenic cotton application on agriculture total factor productivity under climate change[J]. J. Agrotech. Econ., 2023(6): 17-34.
[22]	吴珊,庞俊琴,庄军红,等.我国转基因作物的研发与安全管理[J].中国农业科技导报,2020,22(11):11-16.
	WU S, PANG J Q, ZHUANG J H, et al.. Research, development, and safety administration of genetically modified crops in China[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2020, 22(11): 11-16.
[23]	任振涛.中国转基因作物产业化进程中的安全评价研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2023.
[24]	夏立秋,孙运军,莫湘涛,等.苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白与DNA分子的相互作用[J].微生物学报,2003,43(1):127-131.
	XIA L Q, SUN Y J, MO X T, et al.. Interaction between insecticidal crystal proteins and DNA molecule from Bacillus thuringiensis [J]. Acta Microbiol. Sin., 2003, 43(1): 127-131.
[25]	郭三堆,张锐.具有两种杀虫机理的融合杀虫蛋白质基因及其应用: CN1230534C[P].2005-12-07.
[26]	LIAO C, JIN M, CHENG Y, et al.. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protoxin and activated toxin exert differential toxicity due to a synergistic interplay of cadherin with ABCC transporters in the cotton bollworm[J/OL]. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2022, 88(7): e02505-21[2026-04-11]. .
[27]	孙璇,马燕斌,张树伟,等.转基因抗虫棉花基因类型及原理研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(1):115-118.
	SUN X, MA Y B, ZHANG S W, et al.. Research progress on the gene types and principles of the transgenic insect resistant cotton[J]. J. Shanxi Agric. Sci., 2016, 44(1): 115-118.
[28]	谢俊雁,罗斯思,朱梓榕,等.苏云金杆菌Bt4.0718不同时期比较转录组揭示芽胞和杀虫伴胞晶体形成机制[J].微生物学报,2024,64(1):108-129.
	XIE J Y, LUO S S, ZHU Z R, et al.. Comparative transcriptomics of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt4.0718 reveals the mechanisms of sporulation and parasporal crystal formation[J]. Acta Microbiol. Sin., 2024, 64(1): 108-129.
[29]	CAI Y, HOU B, FABRICK J A, et al.. The role of aquaporins in osmotic cell lysis induced by Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera [J/OL]. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 2024, 204: 106068[2026-04-11]. .
[30]	杨前俊.转基因棉花的研究现状及发展探讨[J].农业与技术,2014,34(1):22.
	YANG Q J. Research status and development of transgenic cotton[J]. Agric. Technol., 2014, 34(1): 22.
[31]	刘辰,谢柳,张文飞.新型Bt杀虫蛋白: VIP杀虫的机理与植物转基因应用[J].分子植物育种,2008,6(6):1031-1037.
	LIU C, XIE L, ZHANG W F. Insecticidal mechanism of Bt vegetative insecticidal proteins and their application in GM crops[J]. Mol. Plant Breed., 2008, 6(6): 1031-1037.
[32]	全玉东,吴孔明.营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3类转基因抗虫作物的研发进展[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2022,48(6):672-682.
	QUAN Y D, WU K M. Research progress of vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3 insect-resistant transgenic crops[J]. J. Zhejiang Univ. Agric. Life Sci., 2022, 48(6): 672-682.
[33]	SYED T, ASKARI M, MENG Z, et al.. Current insights on vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) as next generation pest killers[J/OL]. Toxins, 2020, 12(8): 522[2026-04-11]. .
[34]	张河山,胡亚亚,张娜,等.寄主诱导的基因沉默(HIGS)技术研究进展[J].农业生物技术学报,2013,21(5):603-611.
	ZHANG H S, HU Y Y, ZHANG N, et al.. Progress of host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology[J]. J. Agric. Biotechnol., 2013, 21(5): 603-611.
[35]	张安红, 肖娟丽, 赵战胜, 等. 转基因抗虫棉研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2023, 13(5): 657-662.
	ZHANG A H, XIAO J L, et al. Research progress on transgenic insect resistant cotton[J]. Curr. Biotechnol., 2023, 13(5): 657-662.
[36]	YU L, LI Z, DING X, et al.. Developing an efficient CRISPR-dCas9-TV-derived transcriptional activation system to create three novel cotton germplasm materials[J/OL]. Plant Commun., 2023, 4(4): 100600[2026-04-11]. .
[37]	WANG F, LIANG S, WANG G, et al.. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated construction of a cotton CDPK mutant library for identification of insect-resistance genes[J/OL]. Plant Commun., 2024, 5(11): 101047[2026-04-11]. .
[38]	ALARIQI M, RAMADAN M, YU L, et al.. Enhancing specificity, precision, accessibility, flexibility, and safety to overcome traditional CRISPR/Cas editing challenges and shape future innovations[J/OL]. Adv. Sci., 2025, 12(28): e2416331[2026-04-11]. .
[39]	XU Z, WANG G, ZHU X, et al.. Genome assembly of two allotetraploid cotton germplasms reveals mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis and enables precise genome editing[J]. Nat. Genet., 2025, 57(8): 2028-2039.
[40]	刘迪, 刘琳琳, 甄军波, 等. 植物中CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的研究进展及在棉花中的应用[J/OL]. 分子植物育种, 1-23[2026-03-18]..
	LIU D, LIU L L, ZHEN J B, et al.. Research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in plants and its application in cotton[J/OL]. Mol. Plant Breed., 1-23[2026-03-18]. .
[41]	JANGA M R, CAMPBELL L M, RATHORE K S. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J]. Plant Mol. Biol., 2017, 94(4-5): 349-360.
[42]	周晓静,申坚定,李金玲,等.转基因抗虫植物的发展现状[J].农业科技通讯,2018(9):16-18.
	ZHOU X J, SHEN J D, LI J L, et al.. Development status of transgenic insect-resistant plants[J]. Bull. Agric. Sci. Tech., 2018(9): 16-18.
[43]	范元兰,陈敏,王其刚,等.植物蚜虫及其抗性研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2020,48(14):33-44.
	FAN Y L, CHEN M, WANG Q G, et al.. Research progress on plant aphids and their resistance[J]. Jiangsu Agric. Sci., 2020, 48(14): 33-44.
[44]	HE P, JIA H, XUE H, et al.. Expression of modified snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin) protein confers aphids and Plutella xylostella resistance in Arabidopsis and cotton[J/OL]. Genes, 2022, 13(7): 1169[2026-04-11]. .
[45]	ZHANG M, ZHOU Y, WANG H, et al.. Identifying potential RNAi targets in grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) based on transcriptome profiling of its alimentary canal after feeding on wheat plants[J/OL]. BMC Genom., 2013, 14(1): 560[2026-04-11]. .
[46]	YU X D, LIU Z C, HUANG S L, et al.. RNAi-mediated plant protection against aphids[J]. Pest Manag. Sci., 2016, 72(6): 1090-1098.
[47]	赵亚楠,李刚强,王楠,等.转GNA和AC4双基因抗蚜虫棉花新材料的创制[J].分子植物育种,2021,19(20):6731-6740.
	ZHAO Y N, LI G Q, WANG N, et al.. Transgenic cotton with GNA and a CA resistant to cotton aphids[J]. Mol. Plant Breed., 2021, 19(20): 6731-6740.
[48]	秦文强. 棉花抗绿盲蝽基因的挖掘与功能验证[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2019.
[49]	LUO J, LIANG S, LI J, et al.. A transgenic strategy for controlling plant bugs (Adelphocoris suturalis) through expression of double-stranded RNA homologous to fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase in cotton[J]. New Phytol., 2017, 215(3): 1173-1185.
[50]	蔡晓虎,张玉栋,韩睿,等.不同种群密度条件下龙葵对棉花生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2020,57(11):2090-2098.
	CAI X H, ZHANG Y D, HAN R, et al.. Effects of Solanum nigrum L. under different densitieson cotton growth and development[J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2020, 57(11): 2090-2098.
[51]	陈先红.转基因抗虫、耐除草剂低酚棉近等基因系生理特性与蛋白表达差异及抗虫杂交棉生理与产量性状的遗传分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[52]	冯翔,周登文,彭小琴,等.几种除草剂对棉田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价[J].湖北植保,2024(1):66-69.
	FENG X, ZHOU D W, PENG X Q, et al.. Control effect and safety evaluation of several herbicides on weeds in cotton field[J]. Hubei Plant Prot., 2024(1): 66-69.
[53]	刘标.抗虫转Bt基因植物的环境安全研究进展[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版), 2016, 39(3): 1-9.
	LIU B. Research progresses on the environmental safety of transgenic bt plants with insect-resistant trait[J]. J. Nanjing Norm. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed., 2016, 39(3): 1-9.
[54]	LIANG C, SUN B, MENG Z, et al.. Co-expression of GR79 EPSPS and GAT yields herbicide-resistant cotton with low glyphosate residues[J]. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2017, 15(12): 1622-1629.
[55]	中华人民共和国农业农村部.中华人民共和国农业农村部公告(第376号)[R].北京:农业农村部, 2020.
[56]	梁成真,臧有义,孟志刚,等.耐除草剂棉花GGK2的遗传稳定性分析及性状鉴定[J].中国农业科学,2023,56(17):3251-3260.
	LIANG C Z, ZANG Y Y, MENG Z G, et al.. Identification of target traits and genetic stability of transgenic cotton GGK2[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2023, 56(17): 3251-3260.
[57]	孔清泉,杨笑敏,萧远龙,等.转GR79epsps/GAT基因棉花种质萌发期耐草甘膦性综合评价[J/OL].分子植物育种,1-9[2026-03-18]. .
	KONG Q Q, YANG X M, XIAO Y L, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of glyphosate tolerance of transgenic GR79epsps/GAT cotton germplasm during germination stage[J/OL]. Mol. Plant Breed., 1-9[2026-03-18]. .
[58]	梁成真,金双侠.我国耐除草剂棉花研发与育种应用[J].中国农业科学,2023,56(17):3247-3250.
	LIANG C Z, JIN S X. Advancements in herbicide-tolerant cotton research and breeding in China[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2023, 56(17): 3247-3250.
[59]	李周博,郭楠楠,古丽罕·如则,等.转基因棉花抗黄萎病研究进展[J].新疆农业科技,2019,41(6):33-34.
[60]	张胜昔,孟艳艳,冯常辉.棉花抗黄萎病转基因育种研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(23):5673-5675.
	ZHANG S X, MENG Y Y, FENG C H. Progresses of Verticillium wilt disease-resistant in transgenic breeding of cotton[J]. Hubei Agric. Sci., 2013, 52(23): 5673-5675.
[61]	陆英,蒲金基,喻群芳,等.转基因抗病棉花基因类型及原理研究进展[J].农产品加工(下),2016(11):54-55+59.
	LU Y, PU J J, YU Q F, et al.. Advances of research on gene types and principles of the transgenic diseases resistant cotton[J]. Farm Prod. Process., 2016(11): 54-55+59.
[62]	张曼,张进,张新雨,等.陆地棉GhNAC1基因的克隆及抗黄萎病功能分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2023,25(10):35-44.
	ZHANG M, ZHANG J, ZHANG X Y, et al.. Cloning and functional analysis of GhNAC1 in upland cotton involved in Verticillium wilt resistance[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2023, 25(10): 35-44.
[63]	马小艳,姜伟丽,马亚杰,等.草甘膦不同盐类制剂对荒地和栽培地杂草的防效[J].中国棉花,2014,41(1):23-26.
	MA X Y, JIANG W L, MA Y J, et al.. Weed control efficacy of different glyphosate formulations in non-cultivated land and in cotton field[J]. China Cotton, 2014, 41(1): 23-26.
[64]	董雪妮,高丽华,丁梦琦,等.KcERF-PeDREB2a双价基因对棉花干旱、盐碱耐受性的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(4):17-23.
	DONG X N, GAO L H, DING M Q, et al.. Effect of bivalent gene KcERF-PeDREB2a on drought and salt tolerance of cotton[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2016, 18(4): 17-23.
[65]	孙红炜,杨淑珂,李凡,等.抗虫耐除草剂棉花生存竞争能力研究[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(2):100-103.
	SUN H W, YANG S K, LI F, et al.. Study on survival competitive ability of insect-and herbicide-resistant cotton[J]. Shandong Agric. Sci., 2014, 46(2): 100-103.
[66]	杨光琴,王冠英,余露,等.棉花基因编辑工具开发及分子育种进展与展望[J].科学通报,2025,70(16):2495-2508.
	YANG G Q, WANG G Y, YU L, et al.. Progress and prospect of genome editing tools development and molecular breeding in cotton[J]. Chin. Sci. Bull., 2025, 70(16): 2495-2508.
[67]	刘芳,徐梦贝,王巧玲,等.棉花纤维优势表达基因GhSLD1启动子的克隆和功能分析[J].中国农业科学,2023,56(19):3712-3722.
	LIU F, XU M B, WANG Q L, et al.. Cloning and functional characterization of the promoter of GhSLD1 gene that predominantly expressed in cotton fiber[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2023, 56(19): 3712-3722.
[68]	QUAN Y, WU K. Managing practical resistance of lepidopteran pests to bt cotton in China[J/OL]. Insects, 2023, 14(2): 179[2026-04-11]. .
[69]	EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms, CASACUBERTA J, BARRO F, et al.. Assessment of genetically modified cotton MON 88913 for renewal authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (dossier GMFF-2023-21234)[J/OL]. EFSA J., 2025, 23(5): e9377[2026-04-11]. .
[70]	徐重新,沈建兴,金嘉凤,等.Bt毒素表达应用及其残留风险与免疫检测研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2024,40(12):2387-2400.
	XU Z X, SHEN J X, JIN J F, et al.. Research progress on the expression and application of Bt toxin and its residue risk and immunoassay[J]. Jiangsu J. Agric. Sci., 2024, 40(12): 2387-2400.
[71]	SOBERÓN M, BRAVO A. The future of bt proteins: from pore formation and insect resistance to the next generation of pest control[J/OL]. Toxins, 2025, 17(11): 522[2026-04-11]. .
[72]	ZOU H, GU H, CHENG J, et al.. The mechanism of damage to the midgut by low concentration of Bacillus thuringiensis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori [J/OL]. Insects, 2024, 15(12): 911[2026-04-11]. .
[73]	刘万学,万方浩,郭建英.转Bt基因棉田节肢动物群落营养层及优势功能团的组成与变化[J].生态学报,2002,22(5):729-735.
	LIU W X, WAN F H, GUO J Y. Structure and seasonal dynamics of arthropods in transgenic bt cotton field[J]. Acta Ecol. Sin., 2002, 22(5): 729-735.
[74]	农业农村部. 转基因植物环境安全检测抗虫植物对非靶标生物影响绿盲蝽 [S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2024.
[75]	BAL H K, PREFTAKES C J, LONG L, et al.. Ecological risk assessment for Cry1Da_7, Cry1B.3 and Vip3Cb1 proteins expressed inMON89151 cotton: an insect-protected cotton with targeted activity against Lepidoptera[J/OL]. Transgenic Res., 2025, 34(1): 42[2026-04-11]. .
[76]	YAO H, XU H, YANG J, et al.. Assessment of potential toxic effects of RNAi-based transgenic cotton on the non-target predator Harmonia axyridis [J/OL]. Biology, 2025, 14(9): 1173[2026-04-11]. .
[77]	YANG Z, DUAN Y, WEI R, et al.. Rhizosphere microbiome and nutrient fluxes reveal subtle biosafety signals in transgenic cotton[J/OL]. Microorganisms, 2025, 13(12): 2702[2026-04-11]. .
[78]	HILBECK A, ANDOW D A, FONTES E M G, et al. Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms: volume 2, a case study of Bt cotton in Brazil[M]. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2006.
[79]	LI P, LI Y, SHI J, et al.. Impact of transgenic Cry1Ac+CpTI cotton on diversity and dynamics of rhizosphere bacterial community of different root environments[J]. Sci. Total Environ., 2018, 637: 233-243.
[80]	卢宝荣.生物安全评价系列之一:转基因漂移会影响环境吗?[J].人与生物圈,2018(6):26-31.
	LU B R. Biosafety assessment series 1: will the transgenic drift affect the environment?[J]. Man Biosphere, 2018(6): 26-31.
[81]	LI H Q, LI H B, WANG D M, et al. Study on exogenous gene flow from transgenic Bt Cry1Ac cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(2): 234-242.
[82]	农业农村部. 农业转基因生物安全评价管理办法 [S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2022: 1-28.
[83]	GUAN F, DAI X, YANG Y, et al.. Population genomics of nonrecessive resistance to bt toxin Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera from northern China[J]. J. Econ. Entomol., 2023, 116(2): 310-320.
[84]	AFZAL M B S, IJAZ M, ABBAS N, et al.. Resistance of lepidopteran pests to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins: evidence of field and laboratory evolved resistance and cross-resistance, mode of resistance inheritance, fitness costs, mechanisms involved and management options[J/OL]. Toxins, 2024, 16(7): 315[2026-04-11]. .
[85]	TABASHNIK B E, BRÉVAULT T, CARRIÈRE Y. Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres[J]. Nat. Biotechnol., 2013, 31(6): 510-521.
[86]	YANG F, KERNS D L, LITTLE N, et al.. Practical resistance to Cry toxins and efficacy of Vip3Aa in Bt cotton against Helicoverpa zea [J]. Pest Manag. Sci., 2022, 78(12): 5234-5242.
[87]	WU K, GUO Y, HEAD G. Resistance monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to bt insecticidal protein during 2001—2004 in China[J]. J. Econ. Entomol., 2006, 99(3): 893-898.
[88]	ZHANG D, XIAO Y, CHEN W, et al.. Field monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Cry1Ac insecticidal protein resistance in China (2005—2017)[J]. Pest Manag. Sci., 2019, 75(3): 753-759.
[89]	宁忠雄,李维政,梁赫,等.南疆三地棉铃虫田间种群对Bt棉的抗性频率监测[J].环境昆虫学报,2021,43(2):479-484.
	NING Z X, LI W Z, LIANG H, et al.. Frequency of resistance to Bt cotton of the field population of Helicoverpa armigera in Southern Xinjiang[J]. J. Environ. Entomol., 2021, 43(2): 479-484.
[90]	吴益东,管放,沈慧雯,等.我国棉铃虫对Bt蛋白Cry1Ac抗性现状及分子机制研究进展[J].植物保护学报,2021,48(5):958-963.
	WU Y D, GUAN F, SHEN H W, et al.. Research progress in the resistance status and molecular resistance mechanisms of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera to Bt protein Cry1Ac in China[J]. J. Plant Prot., 2021, 48(5): 958-963.
[91]	ZHANG C, WEI J Z, LI N N, et al.. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 modulates the expression of midgut receptors to confer resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera [J/OL]. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2025: acs.jafc. 5c00538[2026-04-11]. .
[92]	SIDDIQUI H A, ASIF M, ASAD S, et al.. Development and evaluation of double gene transgenic cotton lines expressing Cry toxins for protection against chewing insect pests[J/OL]. Sci. Rep., 2019, 9: 11774[2026-04-11]. .
[93]	许冬,郭建明,丛胜波,等.复合性状转基因棉花杀虫蛋白表达量及对4种鳞翅目害虫的抗性[J].棉花学报,2016,28(5):478-484.
	XU D, GUO J M, CONG S B, et al.. The effectiveness of genetically modified stacked cotton against four species of Lepidoptera and expression analysis of bt proteins[J]. Cotton Sci., 2016, 28(5): 478-484.
[94]	王玉斌. 顺应小农户分化规律推动小农户与现代农业有机衔接[N]. 中国改革报, 2026-02-04(008).
[95]	李国庆.促进小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].中国农民合作社,2026(3):37-39.
	LI G Q. Promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development[J]. China Farmers' Coop., 2026(3): 37-39.
[96]	WU K M, LU Y H, FENG H Q, et al.. Suppression of cotton bollworm in multiple crops in China in areas with bt toxin-containing cotton[J]. Science, 2008, 321(5896): 1676-1678.
[97]	ZHANG B H. Transgenic cotton: from biotransformation methods to agricultural application[J]. Methods Mol. Biol. 2019, 1902: 3-16.
[98]	JAMBAGI S R, MOHAN M, VENKATESAN T, et al.. High levels of Bt cry toxin resistant allele frequency in South Indian populations of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera)[J/OL]. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 2026, 214: 108452[2026-04-11]. .
[99]	BACHLER A, PADOVAN A, ANDERSON C J, et al.. Disruption of HaVipR1 confers Vip3Aa resistance in the moth crop pest Helicoverpa armigera[J]. PLoS Biol., 2025, 23(5): e3003165[2026-04-10]. .
[100]	胡晓倩,石志钰,朱玉涛,等.棉花GhRAR1基因调控棉花抗黄萎病机理的研究[J].植物保护,2023,49(2):39-47+56.
	HU X Q, SHI Z Y, ZHU Y T, et al.. Mechanism of the cotton GhRAR1 gene regulating the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt[J]. Plant Prot., 2023, 49(2): 39-47+56.
[101]	WU Y, WANG B, LIU C, et al.. CRISPR/Cas genome editing in cotton: progress and perspectives[J]. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2024, 22(8): 2156-2172.
[102]	LI Y, WANG Y, ZHANG X, et al.. Multi-tissue metabolic engineering of cotton for astaxanthin biosynthesis[J]. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2025, 23(6): 1689-1701.
[103]	TABASHNIK B E, CARRIÈRE Y. Rootworm resistance to Bt associated with increased injury to corn pyramids combining Bt proteins and RNA interference[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2025, 122(38): e2518683122[2026-04-15]. .

技术类别	基因/技术名称	外源基因/编辑工具	防控/改良目标	代表品种/材料	发展阶段
转Bt基因抗虫棉花	Cry1Ac/1Ab融合蛋白	人工合成融合蛋白基因（活性结构域）	棉铃虫等咀嚼式口器害虫	国产转基因抗虫棉（如GK系列）	成熟商业化
新型抗咀嚼式口器害虫棉花	Vip3(Vip3Aa)	营养期杀虫蛋白基因	棉铃虫、红铃虫（广谱）	表达Vip3Aa的品系（如MON 89151）	试验/ 有限应用
	RNAi(HIGS)	双链RNA（靶标昆虫基因）	棉铃虫（靶标保幼激素等）	研发中的RNAi抗虫棉	试验阶段
抗刺吸式口器害虫棉花	GNA	凝集素基因	棉蚜、棉盲蝽等	转GNA/ACA双基因棉花新材料	试验阶段
	Cry51Aa1.C006	新型Bt蛋白突变基因	棉盲蝽	研发中的品系	试验阶段
	RNAi（靶向脂肪酸还原酶基因）	dsRNA	中黑盲蝽	Jin668（转基因品系）	试验阶段
耐除草剂棉花	EPSPS (CP4EPSPS/GR79)	耐草甘膦基因	棉田杂草	GGK2, KJC017	成熟商业化（近期）
	BAR	耐草铵膦基因	棉田杂草	研发中的品系	试验/有限应用
抗黄萎病棉花	几丁质酶（Chi）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（Glu）等	抗病相关基因	大丽轮枝菌（黄萎病）	中植棉2号，农大601	部分应用（抗病材料）
其他新型/复合性状	GhSLD1、GhSDG51等	纤维品质、耐盐基因	纤维改良、耐盐性	转基因冀棉14（纤维改良）	试验阶段
	Cry1Ac×EPSPS	抗虫+耐除草剂双价基因	棉铃虫+杂草	转双价基因棉花	试验阶段
	KcERF×PeDREB2a、SikCOR413PM1	抗旱/耐盐碱/耐寒基因	非生物胁迫（干旱、盐碱、低温）	转双价基因/SikCOR413PM1棉花	试验阶段

技术类别	基因/技术名称	外源基因/编辑工具	防控/改良目标	代表品种/材料	发展阶段
转Bt基因抗虫棉花	Cry1Ac/1Ab融合蛋白	人工合成融合蛋白基因（活性结构域）	棉铃虫等咀嚼式口器害虫	国产转基因抗虫棉（如GK系列）	成熟商业化
新型抗咀嚼式口器害虫棉花	Vip3(Vip3Aa)	营养期杀虫蛋白基因	棉铃虫、红铃虫（广谱）	表达Vip3Aa的品系（如MON 89151）	试验/ 有限应用
	RNAi(HIGS)	双链RNA（靶标昆虫基因）	棉铃虫（靶标保幼激素等）	研发中的RNAi抗虫棉	试验阶段
抗刺吸式口器害虫棉花	GNA	凝集素基因	棉蚜、棉盲蝽等	转GNA/ACA双基因棉花新材料	试验阶段
	Cry51Aa1.C006	新型Bt蛋白突变基因	棉盲蝽	研发中的品系	试验阶段
	RNAi（靶向脂肪酸还原酶基因）	dsRNA	中黑盲蝽	Jin668（转基因品系）	试验阶段
耐除草剂棉花	EPSPS (CP4EPSPS/GR79)	耐草甘膦基因	棉田杂草	GGK2, KJC017	成熟商业化（近期）
	BAR	耐草铵膦基因	棉田杂草	研发中的品系	试验/有限应用
抗黄萎病棉花	几丁质酶（Chi）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（Glu）等	抗病相关基因	大丽轮枝菌（黄萎病）	中植棉2号，农大601	部分应用（抗病材料）
其他新型/复合性状	GhSLD1、GhSDG51等	纤维品质、耐盐基因	纤维改良、耐盐性	转基因冀棉14（纤维改良）	试验阶段
	Cry1Ac×EPSPS	抗虫+耐除草剂双价基因	棉铃虫+杂草	转双价基因棉花	试验阶段
	KcERF×PeDREB2a、SikCOR413PM1	抗旱/耐盐碱/耐寒基因	非生物胁迫（干旱、盐碱、低温）	转双价基因/SikCOR413PM1棉花	试验阶段

Research Progress and Environmental Safety Assessment of Transgenic Cotton in China

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 1

References 103

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Xiang REN, Mingchao YANG, Yin ZHANG, Yifan CHEN, Shengqian CHAO, Sheng CHEN, Yuping JIANG, Beibei LYU. Research Progress on Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants Based on Plant-associated Microbial Systems [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 786-796.
[2]	Xiaoya YUAN, Zhen ZHEN. Study on Rapid Detection Method for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene-edited High-oleic Soybean [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 878-884.
[3]	Mingdi ZHANG, Qigai LI, Lu WANG, Hui OUYANG, Jinghua LIAN, Fei XIE. Research Advances and Clinical Application Prospects of in Vivo CAR-T Therapy [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 909-918.
[4]	Xiaoyue SUN, Ranran ZHU, Kechun LIU, Xuehui JIAN, Xue WANG, Yun ZHANG, Qing XIA, Yuanshuai YU, Hairong HOU, Chen SUN. Construction Technology Innovation and Application Progress in the Disease of Humanized Zebrafish Model [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(3): 618-625.
[5]	Xin GENG, Weiwei FENG, Guanghua MAO, Yao CHEN, Xiangyang WU. Pollution Status and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Insecticides Along the Inflow Routes to the Taihu Lake Basin [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(4): 683-692.
[6]	Yiyang LI, Zhizheng ZHOU, Shufei WANG, Boya LIU, Yufei LIU, Xiaoyan LI, Hongshu SUI, Dongwei LIU. Application and Prospect of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Disease Treatment [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(1): 35-42.
[7]	Guang HU, Zhi WANG, Wei FU, Yuting SHI, Shanshan CHEN, Liang LUO, Shuang WEI. Establishment of Detection Method Based on TaqMan Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Technology for OsWx-edited Rice [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(1): 86-92.
[8]	Jing WANG, Haitao GUAN, Xiaolei ZHANG, Baohuai WANG, Baohai LIU, Hongtao WEN. Detection Dynamic and Development Tendency of Agricultural Gene Editing Products [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(5): 712-723.
[9]	Mingyang JIA, Lei WANG, Junfeng CHEN, Jiaqing ZHANG, Xiangzhou YAN, Baosong XING, Jing WANG. Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Livestock and Poultry Breeding [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(4): 529-536.
[10]	Kehao CAO, Junli ZHU, Huashan HE, Weizhuo XU. Impact of the Fourth Modifications of Patent Laws on Biotechnology Patent Applications and Industry Development [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(5): 663-670.
[11]	Ali WANG, Jiangdong LIU. Research Progress on the CRISPR/Cas System in Zebrafish [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(4): 485-491.
[12]	Siyu GAI, Ziqi CHEN, Hanchao XIA, Rengui ZHAO, Xiangguo LIU. Research Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Plant Promoter Editing [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(3): 321-328.
[13]	Hui SUN, Chunyi ZHANG, Ling JIANG. Progress of Plant Molecular Farming in Pharmaceutical Use [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(1): 65-71.
[14]	Yang YANG, Fenglin WANG, De LIU, Yuanyuan LUO, Jianhua ZHU. Research Progress of CRISPR‍⁃‍Cas9 Technology on the Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(6): 806-816.
[15]	Kun YU, Jiaqi XUE, Jinkuan WANG, Yongtao YU. Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technique in Filamentous Fungi [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2022, 12(5): 696-704.