Abstract:

The liver， as the central organ of human metabolism and detoxification， maintains its functional integrity through a complex network of enzyme systems. Within this network， the cytochrome P450 （CYP450） enzyme system assumes a pivotal role by catalyzing phase Ⅰ drug metabolism， thereby mediating the detoxification or toxic biotransformation of exogenous compounds. Modulation of CYP450 activity exerts a profound impact on drug efficacy and drug safety. This enzyme system also plays critical therapeutic and pathophysiological roles in the development and progression of diverse diseases， including liver disorders， cardiovascular diseases， and cancer. In-depth investigations into CYP450 functions and their disease-associated alterations provide a fundamental basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies. The article centered on elucidating the clinical applications of CYP450 inhibitors and inducers， while summarizing the critical significance of targeted CYP450 regulation in optimizing drug metabolism， enhancing therapeutic efficacy， reducing adverse reactions， and promoting personalized medicine， aiming to offer new avenues for precision treatment of liver diseases and expand their applications.

Key words: cytochrome P450, hepatic drug metabolism, disease treatment, targeted regulation