Abstract:

Tumor microenvironment （TME） is a complex and dynamic system composed of tumor cells， immune cells， blood vessels， extracellular matrix， and various other components， playing a pivotal role in tumor initiation， progression， and metastasis. Schisandra chinensis， a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb， contains diverse bioactive constituents such as lignans， polysaccharides， volatile oils， organic acids， terpenoids， and flavonoids. Among these， lignans and polysaccharides are recognized as the primary active components， capable of modulating the TME through multiple mechanisms—including the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis， modulation of immune cell activity， inhibition of angiogenesis， and remodeling of the extracellular matrix—ultimately contributing to antitumor effects. This article systematically reviewed the current understanding of how the active components of Schisandra chinensis influence TME， with the aim of providing a solid theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for the development of Schisandra-based antitumor agents， the design of TME-targeted therapeutic strategies in traditional Chinese medicine， and their translation into clinical practice.

Key words: Schisandra chinensis, chemical constituents, tumor microenvironment