Wheat is the most important food crop across the world and it feeds over three billion people. In recent years， Fusarium head blight （FHB） caused by the Fusarium graminearum complex has become a major threat to the wheat production in China and other countries. In addition to yield reduction， mycotoxins producted by the pathogens also pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Chemical pesticides and the disease resistant cultivar could effectively control the FHB. However， due to the lack of resistant wheat variety and the influence of global warming and straw returning to the field， FHB has been prevalent frequently in wheat main producing areas； meanwhile， the development of fungicide resistance in the pathogen reduces the prevention and control effect of chemical pesticides. In this review， we summarized the main reasons for the epidemic of FHB including the changes in climate and farming system. Moreover， we discussed the sustainable management strategies based on the current research progresses and the key scientific questions in this disease， which was expected to provide reference for the research on management of Fusarium head blight of wheat.

Fusarium head blight （FHB） caused by Fusarium species complex is one of the devastating fungal diseases of wheat， which results in huge production reduction and deoxynivalenol contamination in grains. In recent years， the biosynthesis and functions of three types of plant small RNA （sRNA） have been extensively addressed in disease resistance. Based on the characteristics of low molecular weight， mobility and accuracy of targeting， sRNA can be theoretically used as an effective tool to control FHB. In order to provide novel strategies on FHB prevention， we expounded the possibility of employment of sRNA to protect wheat against FHB from the perspectives of specificity， efficiency and cost.