Research Progress on the Separation, Analysis and Pharmacological Activities of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0137

Current Biotechnology ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 267-276.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0137

• Reviews • Previous Articles

Research Progress on the Separation, Analysis and Pharmacological Activities of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides

Pan GUO¹(), Jiaying YANG², Lifeng HAN², Zhifei FU¹()

^1.Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Tianjin 301617，China
^2.Instrumental Analysis and Research Center，Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Tianjin 301617，China

Received:2025-10-13 Accepted:2025-11-19 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-27
Contact: Zhifei FU

Abstract

Abstract:

Raffinose family oligosaccharides （RFOs） are a class of functional oligosaccharides widely present in plant tissues， primarily including raffinose， stachyose， and verbascose. In recent years， RFOs have garnered sustained attention from both academia and industry due to their diverse physiological activities and broad application potential. Studies have shown that RFOs exhibit significant prebiotic properties， selectively promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus， regulating intestinal microecological balance， and demonstrating potential in modulating lipid metabolism， enhancing immune function， improving glucose metabolism， and protecting the skin barrier. However， challenges remain in the efficient extraction， structural elucidation， and mechanistic understanding of RFOs. This paper systematically reviewed the physicochemical properties， extraction and purification methods， analytical techniques， and research progress of RFOs in fields such as medicine， food， and cosmetics. Future research should focus on the development of green and efficient extraction technologies， in-depth exploration of action mechanisms， and expansion of cross-disciplinary applications to promote the high-value utilization and industrial development of RFOs.

Key words: raffinose family oligosaccharides, prebiotics, biological activity

CLC Number:

Q534+.5

Pan GUO, Jiaying YANG, Lifeng HAN, Zhifei FU. Research Progress on the Separation, Analysis and Pharmacological Activities of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(2): 267-276.

Figures/Tables 4

References 72

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检测方法	检测灵敏度	定量线性范围	核心优势	局限性	参考文献
HPLC-ELSD	2.56 μg·mL^-1	5.02~40.16 μg·mL^-1	对无紫外吸收的RFOs响应稳定、重现性好	线性范围较窄，高浓度样品需稀释	[17]
HILIC-ELS	1.24~6.25 μg·mL^-1	0.05~5.00 mg·mL^-1	极性分离能力强，可基线分离高聚合度的RFOs，灵敏度高	流动相需高比例乙腈，对环境有一定影响	[19]
HPAEC-PAD	未明确报道（参考同类RFOs 0.01~0.10 μg·mL^-1）	未明确报道（参考同类RFOs 0.05~50.00 μg·mL^-1）	无需衍生化、对糖类选择性强	筋骨草糖等分离效果不佳	[20]
FPLC-RID	未明确报道（纯度验证依赖HPLC-ELSD）	未明确报道（产率定量：1.72%~7.52%）	自动化程度高、可大规模分离纯化	灵敏度低，仅适用于高浓度纯品定量	[2]
HPLC-RID	棉籽糖0.43 mg·mL^-1；水苏糖0.39 mg·mL^-1	棉籽糖1~10 mg·mL^-1；水苏糖1~10 mg·mL^-1	操作简便、无需衍生化、成本低	灵敏度较低，不适用于痕量分析，梯度洗脱兼容性差	[21]

检测方法	检测灵敏度	定量线性范围	核心优势	局限性	参考文献
HPLC-ELSD	2.56 μg·mL^-1	5.02~40.16 μg·mL^-1	对无紫外吸收的RFOs响应稳定、重现性好	线性范围较窄，高浓度样品需稀释	[17]
HILIC-ELS	1.24~6.25 μg·mL^-1	0.05~5.00 mg·mL^-1	极性分离能力强，可基线分离高聚合度的RFOs，灵敏度高	流动相需高比例乙腈，对环境有一定影响	[19]
HPAEC-PAD	未明确报道（参考同类RFOs 0.01~0.10 μg·mL^-1）	未明确报道（参考同类RFOs 0.05~50.00 μg·mL^-1）	无需衍生化、对糖类选择性强	筋骨草糖等分离效果不佳	[20]
FPLC-RID	未明确报道（纯度验证依赖HPLC-ELSD）	未明确报道（产率定量：1.72%~7.52%）	自动化程度高、可大规模分离纯化	灵敏度低，仅适用于高浓度纯品定量	[2]
HPLC-RID	棉籽糖0.43 mg·mL^-1；水苏糖0.39 mg·mL^-1	棉籽糖1~10 mg·mL^-1；水苏糖1~10 mg·mL^-1	操作简便、无需衍生化、成本低	灵敏度较低，不适用于痕量分析，梯度洗脱兼容性差	[21]

Research Progress on the Separation, Analysis and Pharmacological Activities of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides

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[1]	Qiang JI, Na WU, Chao ZHENG, Zhikang SUN, Han WU, Xuanwen LI, Jie HAO. Recent Advances in Biosynthesis and Application of Chlorogenic Acid from Tobacco [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(6): 933-943.
[2]	Shaoting PAN, Boxuan WANG, Jiaxin CHEN, Jiajun CAI, Yanshen LIN, Lingzhi TANG, Xuan HONG. Research Progress on Polyketides from Marine Fungi [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(6): 993-1003.
[3]	Qiaoli CHEN, Jie HUANG, Senyu CHEN, Shaoting PAN, Lingzhi TANG, Xuan HONG. Research Progress on Secondary Metabolites of Marine Streptomyces [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(6): 844-852.
[4]	DONG Luna, CAO Hao, ZHANG Xinyu, WANG Haisheng^*. Research Progress on Dihydroquercetin [J]. Curr. Biotech., 2020, 10(3): 226-233.
[5]	LI Meng-ying, YAN Pei-sheng*, GAO Xiu-jun, SUN Xiao-lei. Progress on Diversity and Secondary Metabolites Biological Activity of Deep-sea Fungi [J]. Curr. Biotech., 2015, 5(3): 170-175.
[6]	WANG Quan-fu, MIAO Miao, HOU Yan-hua*, SHI Yong-lei, HAN Han, WU Ying-ying, YAN Tian-qi, Qu Jun-jie. Progress on Thioredoxin [J]. Curr. Biotech., 2015, 5(3): 196-200.