Abstract: Thioredoxin (Trx) is a kind of small-molecule multifunctional protein which exists widely in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It has functions of the regulation of cell growth, the inhibition of cell apoptosis and the regulation of gene transcription. Trx composes the thioredoxin system which plays an important role in maintaining redox-active stability in body with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and nicotinamide adenine nucleoside two phosphate (NADPH). This paper summarized the structural features, classification, distribution, biological and activity of Trx, which was expected to provide reference for related research.

Key words: thioredoxin, structure, classification, distribution, biological activity

摘要： 硫氧还蛋白(Trx)是一类广泛存在于真核及原核生物体内的小分子多功能蛋白质。Trx具有调节细胞的生长、抑制细胞凋亡及调节基因转录等功能，并且它与硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)、烟酰腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸(NADPH)共同构成了生物体内重要的硫氧还蛋白系统，对维持体内稳定的氧化还原状态具有重要的作用。以Trx为对象，综述了其结构特点、分类分布及其生物学活性等方面的研究现状，以期为相关研究提供参考。  

关键词: 硫氧还蛋白, 结构, 分类, 分布, 生物活性