Research Progress on Rht Genes in Wheat

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0084

Current Biotechnology ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 980-992.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0084

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Research Progress on Rht Genes in Wheat

Caihua LI(), Yankun ZHAO, Zhankun LI, Zilong SHAN, Qiao CAO, Liang MA, Fei WANG, Zhenxian GAO()

Wheat Research Center，Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050041，China

Received:2024-04-15 Accepted:2024-05-20 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-12-27
Contact: Zhenxian GAO

小麦矮秆基因研究进展

李彩华(), 赵彦坤, 李占坤, 单子龙, 曹巧, 马亮, 王飞, 高振贤()

石家庄市农林科学研究院小麦研究中心，石家庄 050041

通讯作者: 高振贤
作者简介:李彩华 E-mail: licaihua415@126.com；
基金资助:
科技部科技创新2030重大项目(2023ZD0402602);现代农业小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03);河北省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HBCT2023010206);河北现代种业科技创新团队项目(21326318D)

Abstract

Abstract:

Wheat is one of the most widely grown crops in the world and its plant height is an important factor in optimizing harvest index and maximize grain yield. This review systematically summarized the classification and pleiotropy characteristics of wheat Rht genes， as well as the application of gene functional markers in wheat breeding. The sensitivity and research progress of 26 genes related to plant height to gibberellins were discussed and the feasibility of exploiting new dwarf genes by various technical means and their potential in wheat genetic breeding were prospected， in order to provide theoretical reference for improving wheat yield research.

Key words: wheat, dwarf genes, classification, pleiotropy, functional markers

摘要：

小麦是世界上种植最广泛的作物之一，其株高是优化收获指数、实现粮食产量最大化的重要因素。系统综述了小麦矮秆(reduced height，Rht)基因的分类、多效性特征，以及这些基因功能标记在小麦育种中的应用，讨论了目前已发现的26个与小麦株高密切相关的基因对赤霉素的敏感性及其研究进展，展望了采用各种技术手段挖掘新的矮秆基因的可行性及其在小麦遗传育种中的潜力，以期为提高小麦产量研究提供理论参考。

关键词: 小麦, 矮秆基因, 分类, 多效性, 功能标记

CLC Number:

Caihua LI, Yankun ZHAO, Zhankun LI, Zilong SHAN, Qiao CAO, Liang MA, Fei WANG, Zhenxian GAO. Research Progress on Rht Genes in Wheat[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2024, 14(6): 980-992.

李彩华, 赵彦坤, 李占坤, 单子龙, 曹巧, 马亮, 王飞, 高振贤. 小麦矮秆基因研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2024, 14(6): 980-992.

Figures/Tables 3

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基因	等位变异	染色体	核苷酸变化^a	效应^b	参考文献
Rht-A1	Rht-A1a	4A	野生型	-	[17]
	Rht-A1b	4A	G994A	G332S	[17]
	Rht-A1c	4A	C1430A	S477Y	[17]
	Rht-A1d	4A	G817A，C818T	A273I	[17]
	Rht-A1e	4A	A(-33)G	5′-非编码	[17]
	Rht-A1f	4A	C420G	P140=	[17]
	Rht-A1g	4A	T565A	S189T	[17]
Rht-B1	Rht-B1a	4B	野生型	-	[14]
	Rht-B1b（Rht1）	4B	C190T	Q64^*	[14]
	Rht-B1c	4B	G43C, G75A, Veju插入	G15R, M25I, 30 K49后添加230个残留物	[13]
	Rht-B1d	4B	C190T	Q64^*	[13]
	Rht-B1e	4B	A181T	K61^*	[13]
	Rht-B1f	4B	-	-	[20]
	Rht-B1g	4B	-	-	[21]
	Rht-B1h	4B	G43C、G75A、A723G、A1761C、 T1877：	G15R、M25I、A241=、A587=	[17]

基因	等位变异	染色体	核苷酸变化^a	效应^b	参考文献
Rht-A1	Rht-A1a	4A	野生型	-	[17]
	Rht-A1b	4A	G994A	G332S	[17]
	Rht-A1c	4A	C1430A	S477Y	[17]
	Rht-A1d	4A	G817A，C818T	A273I	[17]
	Rht-A1e	4A	A(-33)G	5′-非编码	[17]
	Rht-A1f	4A	C420G	P140=	[17]
	Rht-A1g	4A	T565A	S189T	[17]
Rht-B1	Rht-B1a	4B	野生型	-	[14]
	Rht-B1b（Rht1）	4B	C190T	Q64^*	[14]
	Rht-B1c	4B	G43C, G75A, Veju插入	G15R, M25I, 30 K49后添加230个残留物	[13]
	Rht-B1d	4B	C190T	Q64^*	[13]
	Rht-B1e	4B	A181T	K61^*	[13]
	Rht-B1f	4B	-	-	[20]
	Rht-B1g	4B	-	-	[21]
	Rht-B1h	4B	G43C、G75A、A723G、A1761C、 T1877：	G15R、M25I、A241=、A587=	[17]

基因	染色体	编码基因	突变来源	是否GA敏感	是否克隆	克隆方法	参考文献
Rht4	2BL	-	Burt 经伽马射线辐射	是	否		[25]
Rht5	3BS	-	Marfed经EMS诱变	是	是	图位克隆	[31]
Rht8	2DS	RNase H-like蛋白	京411经EMS诱变混合群体分离分析	是	是	混合群体分离分析	[8]
Rht9	5AL或者7B	-	Mai 18 和 Mara重组自交系	是	否		[32]
Rht12	5A	GA2-b-双加氧酶（GA2oxA13）	γ射线诱变获得Karcagi 522M7K	是	是	混池转录组测序	[33]
Rht13	7BL	NB-LRR	‘Chuanmai 18’和‘Magnif M1’重组自交系	是	是	图位克隆结合测序	[28]
Rht14	6AS	-	栽培种	是	否	-	[34]
Rht15	未知	-	经EMS诱变获得‘Durox’	-	否	-	[35]
Rht17	未知	-	‘Chirs’经DES诱变	-	否	-	[35]
Rht18	6A	GA2oxA9	‘Icaro’经叠氮化钠诱变	是	是	图位克隆结合测序	[29]
Rht19	未知	-	‘Vic’经EMS诱变	-	否	-	[35]
Rht20	未知	-	‘Burt’经γ-射线诱变	-	否	-	[35]
Rht22	7AS	-	dwarf Polish wheat和 JAM重组自交系	-	否	图位克隆	[36]
Rht23	5DL	AP2 转录因子	NAUH164（‘苏麦3’经EMS诱变）	-	是	图位克隆	[37]
Rht24	6A	GA2oxA9	‘京冬8号’和‘矮抗58’重组自交系	是	是	图位克隆	[38]
Rht25	6AS	PLATZ-A1	‘UC1110’和‘PI610750’重组自交系	是	是	图位克隆	[30]
Rht26	3DL	-	‘中麦175’和‘轮选987’重组自交系	-	是	图位克隆	[7]

基因	染色体	编码基因	突变来源	是否GA敏感	是否克隆	克隆方法	参考文献
Rht4	2BL	-	Burt 经伽马射线辐射	是	否		[25]
Rht5	3BS	-	Marfed经EMS诱变	是	是	图位克隆	[31]
Rht8	2DS	RNase H-like蛋白	京411经EMS诱变混合群体分离分析	是	是	混合群体分离分析	[8]
Rht9	5AL或者7B	-	Mai 18 和 Mara重组自交系	是	否		[32]
Rht12	5A	GA2-b-双加氧酶（GA2oxA13）	γ射线诱变获得Karcagi 522M7K	是	是	混池转录组测序	[33]
Rht13	7BL	NB-LRR	‘Chuanmai 18’和‘Magnif M1’重组自交系	是	是	图位克隆结合测序	[28]
Rht14	6AS	-	栽培种	是	否	-	[34]
Rht15	未知	-	经EMS诱变获得‘Durox’	-	否	-	[35]
Rht17	未知	-	‘Chirs’经DES诱变	-	否	-	[35]
Rht18	6A	GA2oxA9	‘Icaro’经叠氮化钠诱变	是	是	图位克隆结合测序	[29]
Rht19	未知	-	‘Vic’经EMS诱变	-	否	-	[35]
Rht20	未知	-	‘Burt’经γ-射线诱变	-	否	-	[35]
Rht22	7AS	-	dwarf Polish wheat和 JAM重组自交系	-	否	图位克隆	[36]
Rht23	5DL	AP2 转录因子	NAUH164（‘苏麦3’经EMS诱变）	-	是	图位克隆	[37]
Rht24	6A	GA2oxA9	‘京冬8号’和‘矮抗58’重组自交系	是	是	图位克隆	[38]
Rht25	6AS	PLATZ-A1	‘UC1110’和‘PI610750’重组自交系	是	是	图位克隆	[30]
Rht26	3DL	-	‘中麦175’和‘轮选987’重组自交系	-	是	图位克隆	[7]

基因	等位基因	标记	染色体	序列（5′→3′）	大小/bp	退火温度/℃	参考文献
Rht-B1	Rht-B1a	BF-WR1	4B	5′-GGTAGGGAGGCGAGAGGCGAG-3′ 5′-CATCCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTG-3′	237	63	[77]
	Rht-B1b	BF-MR1		5′-GGTAGGGAGGCGAGAGGCGAG-3′ 5′-CATCCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTA-3′	237	63	[77]
Rht-D1	Rht-D1a	DF2-WR2	4D	5′-GGCAAGCAAAAGCTTCGCG-3′ 5′-GGCCATCTCGAGCTGCAC-3′	264	63	[77]
	Rht-D1b	DF-MR2		5′-CGCGCAATTATTGGCCAGAGATAG-3′ 5′-CCCCATGGCCATCTCGAGCTGCTA-3′	254	63	[77]
Rht 4		WMC317	2BL	5′-TGCTAGCAATGCTCCGGGTAAC-3′ 5′-TCACGAAACCTTTTCCTCCTCC-3′	170	61	[43]
Rht 5		BARC102	3BS	5′-GGAGAGGACCTGCTAAAATCGAAGACA-3′ 5′-GCGTTTACGGATCAGTGTTGGAGA-3′	200	52	[32]
Rht 8		Xgwm261	2DS	5′-CTCCCTGTACGCCTAAGGC-3′ 5′-CTCGCGCTACTAGCCATTG-3′	192	61	[78]
Rht 9		BARC151		5′-TGAGGAAAATGTCTCTATAGCATCC-3′ 5′-CGCATAAACACCTTCGCTCTTCCACTC-3′	220	55	[32]
Rht 12		WMC410	5AL	5′-CGCATAAACACCTTCGCTCTTCCACTC-3′ 5′-CGCATAAACACCTTCGCTCTTCCACTC-3′	114	61	[32]
Rht 13		WMS577	7BS	5′-ATGGCATAATTTGGTGAAATTG-3′ 5′-TGTTTCAAGCCCAACTTCTATT-3′	130	55	[32]

Research Progress on Rht Genes in Wheat

小麦矮秆基因研究进展

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