Research Progress on Lignocellulose Degraded by Fungi and Their Enzymes

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0178

Current Biotechnology ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 242-253.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0178

• Reviews • Previous Articles

Research Progress on Lignocellulose Degraded by Fungi and Their Enzymes

Shan TANG¹(), Siyu LI¹, Nan DING², Wanyu YU¹, Hongliang LIU³, Xinyue WANG¹, Shichen HUANG¹(), Minjie FU⁴()

^1.College of Geography and Ocean Science，Yanbian University，Jilin Hunchun 133300，China
^2.School of Chemical Engineering，Dalian University of Technology，Liaoning Dalian 116024，China
^3.Yanbian Academy of Agricultural Sciences （Yanbian Specialty Research Institute），Jilin Longjing 133400，China
^4.College of Agriculture，Yanbian University，Jilin Yanji 133002，China

Received:2025-12-15 Accepted:2026-01-28 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-27
Contact: Shichen HUANG,Minjie FU

Abstract

Abstract:

As the most abundant renewable biomass resource on earth， lignocellulose's efficient conversion is a key approach to addressing energy transition and the "carbon neutrality" goal. However， its inherently complex and dense natural structure poses a severe technical bottleneck due to its recalcitrance to degradation. This review summarized the research progress on the species of fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation and their related enzyme systems. It focused on analyzing the classification characteristics， degradation mechanisms， and extracellular enzyme system compositions of major degrading fungi， such as white-rot fungi， brown-rot fungi， and soft-rot fungi. The catalytic properties and synergistic mechanisms of lignin-degrading enzyme systems （laccase， peroxidase， etc.）， hemicellulases， and cellulases （endoglucanase， exoglucanase， β-glucosidase） were systematically elaborated. The breakthrough role of the newly discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase （LPMO） in improving cellulose degradation efficiency and its synergistic effect with glycoside hydrolases were specifically discussed. Finally， the application prospects and challenges of fungal enzyme systems in fields such as biomass energy and the papermaking industry were prospected， aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic resources.

Key words: lignocellulose, fungal transformation, carbohydrate-active enzymes

CLC Number:

Q539+.3

Shan TANG, Siyu LI, Nan DING, Wanyu YU, Hongliang LIU, Xinyue WANG, Shichen HUANG, Minjie FU. Research Progress on Lignocellulose Degraded by Fungi and Their Enzymes[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(2): 242-253.

Figures/Tables 3

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酶	真菌种类	EC编号	CAZy家族
漆酶	毛云芝（Trametes pubescens）、毛革盖菌（Coriolus hirsutus）、毛栓菌（Trametes hirsuta）、云芝（Trametes versicolor）、灵芝（Ganodermalucidum）	EC 1.10.3.2	AA1
	朱红密孔菌（Pycnoporus cinnabarinus）、粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）、糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）、灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、
锰过氧化物酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、总状毛霉（Mucorracemosus）、核盘菌曲霉（Aspergillus sclerotiorum）、毛栓菌（Trametestrogii）	EC 1.11.1.13	AA2
	枝孢菌（Cladosporium cladosporioides）、冠锁瑚菌（Stropharia coronilla）、烟管菌（Bjerkandera adusta）、杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii）
木质素过氧化物酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、总状毛霉（Mucor racemosus）、核盘菌曲霉（Aspergillus sclerotiorum）、枝孢菌（Cladosporium cladosporioides）、肺形侧耳（Pleurotus pulmonarius）	EC 1.11.1.14	AA2
多功能过氧化物酶	糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）、杏鲍菇（P. eryngii）、香菇（Lentinula edodes）	EC 1.11.1.16	AA2
辣根过氧化物酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、糙皮侧耳（P. ostreatus）、杏鲍菇（P. eryngii）	EC 1.11.1.7	未定义
芳香醇	漏斗侧耳（P. cornucopiae）、杏鲍菇（P. eryngii）、佛罗里达侧耳（P. floridanus）、肺形侧耳（P. pulmonarius）、糙皮侧耳（P. ostreatus）	EC 1.1.1.90	AA5
乙醛酸氧化酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）	EC 1.2.3.5	AA3
纤维二糖	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）	EC 1.1.99.18	AA3
醌还原酶	干朽菌（Gloeophyllum trabeum）	EC 1.6.5.2	QR
酒精氧化酶	杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii）	EC 1.1.3.7	AA3
吡喃糖2-氧化酶	小孢壳菌（Peniophora sp.）	EC 1.1.3.4	AA3
（葡萄糖1-氧化酶）
酪氨酸酶	嗜热毁丝霉（Myceliophthora thermophile）、双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）、血红密孔菌（Pycnoporus sanguineus）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 1.14.18.1	未定义
邻苯二酚氧化酶	米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）	EC 1.10.3.1	未定义

酶	真菌种类	EC编号	CAZy家族
漆酶	毛云芝（Trametes pubescens）、毛革盖菌（Coriolus hirsutus）、毛栓菌（Trametes hirsuta）、云芝（Trametes versicolor）、灵芝（Ganodermalucidum）	EC 1.10.3.2	AA1
	朱红密孔菌（Pycnoporus cinnabarinus）、粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）、糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）、灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、
锰过氧化物酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、总状毛霉（Mucorracemosus）、核盘菌曲霉（Aspergillus sclerotiorum）、毛栓菌（Trametestrogii）	EC 1.11.1.13	AA2
	枝孢菌（Cladosporium cladosporioides）、冠锁瑚菌（Stropharia coronilla）、烟管菌（Bjerkandera adusta）、杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii）
木质素过氧化物酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、总状毛霉（Mucor racemosus）、核盘菌曲霉（Aspergillus sclerotiorum）、枝孢菌（Cladosporium cladosporioides）、肺形侧耳（Pleurotus pulmonarius）	EC 1.11.1.14	AA2
多功能过氧化物酶	糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）、杏鲍菇（P. eryngii）、香菇（Lentinula edodes）	EC 1.11.1.16	AA2
辣根过氧化物酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、糙皮侧耳（P. ostreatus）、杏鲍菇（P. eryngii）	EC 1.11.1.7	未定义
芳香醇	漏斗侧耳（P. cornucopiae）、杏鲍菇（P. eryngii）、佛罗里达侧耳（P. floridanus）、肺形侧耳（P. pulmonarius）、糙皮侧耳（P. ostreatus）	EC 1.1.1.90	AA5
乙醛酸氧化酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）	EC 1.2.3.5	AA3
纤维二糖	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）	EC 1.1.99.18	AA3
醌还原酶	干朽菌（Gloeophyllum trabeum）	EC 1.6.5.2	QR
酒精氧化酶	杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii）	EC 1.1.3.7	AA3
吡喃糖2-氧化酶	小孢壳菌（Peniophora sp.）	EC 1.1.3.4	AA3
（葡萄糖1-氧化酶）
酪氨酸酶	嗜热毁丝霉（Myceliophthora thermophile）、双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）、血红密孔菌（Pycnoporus sanguineus）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 1.14.18.1	未定义
邻苯二酚氧化酶	米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）	EC 1.10.3.1	未定义

酶	真菌	EC编号	CAZy家族
内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶	长枝木霉（Trichoderma longibrachiatum）、草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）	EC 3.2.1.8	GH5、GH7、GH8、GH10、GH11、GH43
外切-1,4-β-木糖苷酶	构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）	EC 3.2.1.37	GH3、GH39、GH43、GH52、GH54
内切-β-1,4-甘露聚糖酶	齐整小核菌（Sclerotium rolfsii）	EC 3.2.1.78	GH5、GH26、GH113
外泌β-1,4-甘露糖苷酶阿弗洛伊尔酯酶	黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）	EC 3.2.1.25 EC 3.1.1.73	GH1、GH2、GH5 CE1
对香豆酰酯酶	新美鞭菌（Neocallimastix sp.）	EC 3.1.1.B10	CE1
内切 α-1,5-阿拉伯糖酶	黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、米黑根毛霉（Rhizomucor miehei）、粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）	EC 3.2.1.99	GH43
α-L-阿拉伯糖苷酶	黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.2.1.55	GH43、GH51、GH62
α-葡萄糖醛酸酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）	EC 3.2.1.139	GH67
木聚糖 α-1,2-葡糖醛酸苷酶	烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）、射脉菌（Phlebia radiate）、糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）、哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）、绿色木霉（T. viride）、长枝木霉(T. longibrachiatum）	EC 3.2.1.131	GH67
Α-半乳糖苷酶内切半乳糖酶	葡枝被孢霉（Mortierella vinacea）构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）、黑曲霉（A. niger）、米曲霉（A. oryzae）	EC 3.2.1.22 EC 3.2.1.89	GH4、GH27、GH36、GH57、GH97、GH110
葡萄糖苷酶	耐热腐质霉（Humicola insolvens）	EC 3.2.1.21	GH1、GH3
乙酰酯酶	里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.1.1.6	CE16
乙酰木聚糖酯酶	曲霉菌（Aspergillus sp.）、裂褶菌（Schizophyllum commune）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.1.1.7	CE1、CE2、CE3、CE4、CE5、CE6、CE7、CE12、CE16
葡糖醛酸甲酯酶	嗜碱单端孢霉（Acremonium alcalophilum）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.1.1	CE15

酶	真菌	EC编号	CAZy家族
内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶	长枝木霉（Trichoderma longibrachiatum）、草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）	EC 3.2.1.8	GH5、GH7、GH8、GH10、GH11、GH43
外切-1,4-β-木糖苷酶	构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）	EC 3.2.1.37	GH3、GH39、GH43、GH52、GH54
内切-β-1,4-甘露聚糖酶	齐整小核菌（Sclerotium rolfsii）	EC 3.2.1.78	GH5、GH26、GH113
外泌β-1,4-甘露糖苷酶阿弗洛伊尔酯酶	黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）	EC 3.2.1.25 EC 3.1.1.73	GH1、GH2、GH5 CE1
对香豆酰酯酶	新美鞭菌（Neocallimastix sp.）	EC 3.1.1.B10	CE1
内切 α-1,5-阿拉伯糖酶	黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、米黑根毛霉（Rhizomucor miehei）、粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）	EC 3.2.1.99	GH43
α-L-阿拉伯糖苷酶	黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.2.1.55	GH43、GH51、GH62
α-葡萄糖醛酸酶	黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）	EC 3.2.1.139	GH67
木聚糖 α-1,2-葡糖醛酸苷酶	烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）、射脉菌（Phlebia radiate）、糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）、哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）、绿色木霉（T. viride）、长枝木霉(T. longibrachiatum）	EC 3.2.1.131	GH67
Α-半乳糖苷酶内切半乳糖酶	葡枝被孢霉（Mortierella vinacea）构巢曲霉（Aspergillus nidulans）、黑曲霉（A. niger）、米曲霉（A. oryzae）	EC 3.2.1.22 EC 3.2.1.89	GH4、GH27、GH36、GH57、GH97、GH110
葡萄糖苷酶	耐热腐质霉（Humicola insolvens）	EC 3.2.1.21	GH1、GH3
乙酰酯酶	里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.1.1.6	CE16
乙酰木聚糖酯酶	曲霉菌（Aspergillus sp.）、裂褶菌（Schizophyllum commune）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.1.1.7	CE1、CE2、CE3、CE4、CE5、CE6、CE7、CE12、CE16
葡糖醛酸甲酯酶	嗜碱单端孢霉（Acremonium alcalophilum）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）	EC 3.1.1	CE15

酶	真菌	酶编号	CAZy族
内切葡聚糖酶	里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）、哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）、拟盘多毛孢属（Pesralotiopsis sp.）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、沼泽嗜蓝孢孔菌（Fomitopsis palustris）、前毛新美鞭菌（Neocallimastix frontalis）	EC 3.2.1.4	GH5、GH6、GH7、GH9、GH12、GH45、GH74
外切葡聚糖酶	里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）、哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）、拟盘多毛孢菌（Pesralotiopsis sp.）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、沼泽嗜蓝孢孔菌（Fomitopsis palustris）	EC 3.2.1.91	GH5、GH6、GH9
β葡糖苷酶	里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）、黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）、沼泽嗜蓝孢孔菌（Fomitopsis palustris）	EC 3.2.1.21	GH1、GH2、GH3、GH5、GH9、GH30、GH39、GH116
1.6-β-d-葡萄糖苷酶	布雷费尔德青霉（Penicillium brefeldianum）	EC 3.2.1.75	GH5、GH30
1.3-β-d-葡萄糖苷酶	华根霉（Rhizopus chinensis）	EC 3.2.1.39	GH5、GH16、GH17、GH55、GH64、GH81、GH128
外切-1,3-β-葡聚糖酶	两性绵霉（Achlya bisexualis）、尖孢镰刀菌（Fusariumoxysporum）	EC 3.2.1.58	GH3、GH5、GH16、GH17、GH55
1.3-1,4-β-d-葡萄糖苷酶	根囊鞭菌（Orpinomyces sp.）	EC 3.2.1.73	GH16、GH50、GH86、GH118

Research Progress on Lignocellulose Degraded by Fungi and Their Enzymes

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[1]	Nan DING, Yang DING, Haotian YANG, Chang LIU, Shichen HUANG, Minjie FU. Screening, Identification of a Novel Lignocellulolytic Enzyme-degrading Strain and its Enzyme Characteristics [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(6): 1050-1056.
[2]	LI Jian-hua, ZHANG Yue, LIU Zhong-qi*. Influence of Chemical Pretreatment Technology on the Digestibility of Lignocellulose [J]. journal1, 2011, 1(6): 421-425.