Abstract:

With the continuous expansion in the commercialization scale of genetically modified （GM） crops and the rapid application of emerging biotechnologies such as gene editing， products derived from these novel biotechnologies have become increasingly complicated and diversified. Establishing sensitive， accurate and traceable detection methodologies and systems for such biotech products serves as an essential foundation for food safety assurance， labeling administration as well as regulatory law enforcement. The article systematically reviewed the research advances in the detection of GM and gene-edited products and other novel biotech-derived products in 2025， focusing on sample pretreatment， nucleic acid amplification assays （including quantitative real-time PCR and digital PCR）， isothermal amplification， clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas protein （CRISPR/Cas）-assisted detection， biosensing and immunoassays， high-throughput sequencing， alongside databases and regulatory supporting systems. Overall， quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） remains the core technique for quantitative analysis of genetically modified ingredients； digital PCR （dPCR） exhibits prominent advantages in absolute quantification of low-copy target sequences and value assignment of reference materials. Isothermal amplification and biosensing technologies keep facilitating the development of rapid and on-site detection. High-throughput sequencing provides technical support with superior resolution for the identification of gene-edited products. In the future， relevant detection technologies will further evolve toward the integrated application of multiple techniques， simultaneous identification of multi-target analytes， intelligent data analysis and compatibility with regulatory requirements.

Key words: genetically modified products, gene-edited products, detection methods, CRISPR/Cas, high-throughput sequencing