Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0132

Current Biotechnology ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0132

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Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds

Qingchun YUE¹^,²(), Siyuan MENG¹, Guohua LIU¹^,²()

^1.Gansu Provincial Seed Station，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.Corn Seed Quality Inspection and Testing Center （Lanzhou），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Gansu Provincial Crop Seed Quality Supervision and Testing Center，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2025-09-28 Accepted:2025-11-12 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: Guohua LIU

Abstract

Abstract:

Transgenic technology has played a pivotal role in improving key agronomic traits in crops， such as high yield， resistance to pests and diseases， and herbicide tolerance， and has been widely adopted in agricultural production. However， with the continuous expansion of genetically modified （GM） crop cultivation and the emergence of new breeding technologies like gene editing， the regulatory oversight of transgenic seeds is facing increasingly serious challenges. This article systematically reviewed the current application of detection technologies for transgenic events in major crop seeds， elucidated their underlying principles and mechanisms， and proposed a screening framework tailored to different crop species. It provided a comprehensive analysis of critical technical limitations， including low detection sensitivity， insufficient capability for simultaneous multi-target detection， and lagging development of portable devices for on-site rapid screening. Building on this assessment， future research directions were outlined， aiming to offer a theoretical foundation for strengthening the biosafety regulation of transgenic crops in seeds.

Key words: crop seeds, transgenic detection, screening strategies

摘要：

转基因技术在农作物高产、抗病虫与耐除草剂等性状改良方面发挥着重要作用，已广泛应用于农业生产。然而，随着转基因作物种植面积的不断扩大以及基因编辑等新技术的涌现，农作物种子的转基因监管面临日益严峻的挑战。系统综述了主要农作物种子转基因检测技术的应用现状，深入剖析了各项技术的原理与机制，并构建了适用于不同作物的转基因筛查路线图。针对当前检测技术中存在的灵敏度低、多组分同步检测能力不足以及现场快速检测装备研发滞后等关键技术瓶颈，进行了全面分析。在此基础上，对未来发展方向作出展望，以期为农作物转基因生物安全监管提供理论依据。

关键词: 农作物种子, 转基因检测, 筛查策略

CLC Number:

Q789

Qingchun YUE, Siyuan MENG, Guohua LIU. Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(1): 1-9.

岳庆春, 孟思远, 刘国华. 主要农作物种子转基因检测技术及筛查策略研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(1): 1-9.

Figures/Tables 7

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技术	检测限	多靶标能力	定量精度	成本	检测时间	适用检测对象	最佳适用场景
qPCR/dPCR	0.01%~0.05%	低（≤6重）	高（误差<5%）	中等	2~4 h	DNA	实验室精准定量
全基因组测序（WGS）	0.1%	高（全基因组）	中高	高	12~24 h	DNA	未知事件解析与仲裁检测
基因芯片	0.1%~1%	高（≥50靶标）	中	高	6~8 h	DNA	多靶标高通量普查
免疫层析试纸条	0.1%~1%	低（通常单靶标）	半定量（阈值判断）	低	10~15 min	蛋白质	田间现场快速筛查
SPR生物传感	0.1 nmol	中（≥3靶标）	高	高	1~2 h	DNA/蛋白质	实验室多重靶标筛查
电化学传感器	0.1 fmol	低（1~2靶标）	高	低	30~60 min	DNA	现场便携式设备应用

技术	检测限	多靶标能力	定量精度	成本	检测时间	适用检测对象	最佳适用场景
qPCR/dPCR	0.01%~0.05%	低（≤6重）	高（误差<5%）	中等	2~4 h	DNA	实验室精准定量
全基因组测序（WGS）	0.1%	高（全基因组）	中高	高	12~24 h	DNA	未知事件解析与仲裁检测
基因芯片	0.1%~1%	高（≥50靶标）	中	高	6~8 h	DNA	多靶标高通量普查
免疫层析试纸条	0.1%~1%	低（通常单靶标）	半定量（阈值判断）	低	10~15 min	蛋白质	田间现场快速筛查
SPR生物传感	0.1 nmol	中（≥3靶标）	高	高	1~2 h	DNA/蛋白质	实验室多重靶标筛查
电化学传感器	0.1 fmol	低（1~2靶标）	高	低	30~60 min	DNA	现场便携式设备应用

Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds

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