建筑微生物细胞工厂——材料体系与生物制造技术进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0069

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 574-584.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0069

建筑微生物细胞工厂——材料体系与生物制造技术进展

魏文竹¹(), 庞森¹, 黄晓丽², 王健¹, 樊星¹, 陈思妍³, 陈禹健¹, 焦健³()

^1.北京中建建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100076
^2.河北工业大学土木与交通学院，天津 300401
^3.北京城市学院生物医药学部，北京 100083

收稿日期:2026-03-19 接受日期:2026-05-07 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
通讯作者: 焦健
作者简介:魏文竹 E-mail: weiwz321@163.com；
基金资助:
中建一局土木工程材料重点实验室低碳建材料创平台项目(CSCEC1B-PT-010)

Engineering Microbial Cell Factories: Advances in Material Systems and Biomanufacturing Technologies

Wenzhu WEI¹(), Sen PANG¹, Xiaoli HUANG², Jian WANG¹, Xing FAN¹, Siyan CHEN³, Yujian CHEN¹, Jian JIAO³()

^1.Beijing Zhongjian Academy of Building Research Co. ，Ltd. ，Beijing 100076，China
^2.School of Civil and Transportation Engineering，Hebei University of Technology，Tianjin 300401，China
^3.Faculty of Biomedical Sciences，Beijing City University，Beijing 100083，China

Received:2026-03-19 Accepted:2026-05-07 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-07-14
Contact: Jian JIAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建筑微生物为建筑行业的低碳化转型提供了新路径。系统综述了建筑微生物细胞工厂的工程化开发体系，重点分析了适配高碱、干燥等极端环境的巴氏生孢八叠球菌与芽孢杆菌等耐久性底盘细胞。通过代谢工程与合成生物学工具，实现了矿化效率与界面结合稳定性的定向强化。提出了以模块化反应器、资源化原料供给及闭环废弃物循环为核心的工厂架构，探讨了利用工业固废实现在地化生产的技术路径。最后，通过分析微生物在裂缝修复、岩土加固及生物基材料制备中的应用，总结了当前的技术瓶颈，并对“按需设计”的建筑生物制造进行了展望，旨在为绿色建筑材料的研发与工程应用提供理论基础与技术参考。

关键词: 建筑微生物, 细胞工厂, 底盘细胞, 合成生物学, 微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀, 资源化利用

Abstract:

Architectural microorganisms offer a novel pathway for the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry. This paper systematically reviewed the engineering development of architectural microbial cell factories， focusing on durable chassis cells like Sporosarcina pasteurii and Bacillus spp. adapted to extreme environments. Through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools， directional enhancement of mineralization efficiency and interfacial bonding stability is achieved. A factory architecture comprising modular reactors， resource-oriented supply， and closed-loop waste recycling was proposed， exploring technical routes for localized production using industrial solid waste. Finally， by analyzing applications in crack repair， geotechnical reinforcement， and bio-material preparation， the current bottlenecks were summarized， and "design-on-demand" biomanufacturing was envisioned. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for green building materials and their engineering applications.

Key words: architectural microorganisms, cell factory, chassis cells, synthetic biology, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation, resource utilization

中图分类号:

Q291

魏文竹, 庞森, 黄晓丽, 王健, 樊星, 陈思妍, 陈禹健, 焦健. 建筑微生物细胞工厂——材料体系与生物制造技术进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(3): 574-584.

Wenzhu WEI, Sen PANG, Xiaoli HUANG, Jian WANG, Xing FAN, Siyan CHEN, Yujian CHEN, Jian JIAO. Engineering Microbial Cell Factories: Advances in Material Systems and Biomanufacturing Technologies[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(3): 574-584.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0069

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I3/574

图/表 4

图1 可编程的生命建材系统示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic of a programmable living building material system

图2 脲酶菌矿化过程注：EPS—胞外多糖（exopolysaccharides）；ATP—三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）。

Fig. 2 Mineralization process induced by urease-producing bacteria

表1 微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀不同作用类型的机制下关键影响因素对比

Table 1 Comparison of key influencing factors under different mechanisms of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation

作用类型	核心机理	关键影响因素
酶促矿化	脲酶分解尿素产生CO₃^2-，与Ca²⁺生成CaCO₃	脲酶活性、菌浓度、钙离子浓度
颗粒胶结	碳酸钙晶体填充孔隙、黏接颗粒	颗粒级配、孔隙率、注浆方式
结构强化	提高土体/基材抗压、抗剪、密实度	反应时间、pH、温度

表2 MICP在不同岩土体中的应用效果对比

Table 2 Comparison of application effects of MICP in different rock and soil masses

岩土类型	典型强化效果
黄土	无侧限抗压强度提升，稳定性增强^[17]
西南粉土	力学性能提升，微观结构致密化^[22]
海涂盐渍土	胶结改性，耐盐性能优化^[23]
海相淤泥	固化体强度提升，含水率降低^[21]

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建筑微生物细胞工厂——材料体系与生物制造技术进展

Engineering Microbial Cell Factories: Advances in Material Systems and Biomanufacturing Technologies

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