基于微生物细胞工厂的二氧化碳资源化利用研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0087

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 454-484.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0087

基于微生物细胞工厂的二氧化碳资源化利用研究进展

王晓雨¹(), 崔林¹, 刘淼², 罗会颖¹, 姚斌¹, 王晓璐¹()

^1.中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所，动物营养与饲养国家重点实验室，北京 100193
^2.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2026-04-02 接受日期:2026-04-17 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
通信作者: 王晓璐
作者简介:王晓雨 E-mail: wxy121502@126.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32573271);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2024QC08)

Research Advances on the Resource Utilization of Carbon Dioxide Based on Microbial Cell Factories

Xiaoyu WANG¹(), Lin CUI¹, Miao LIU², Huiying LUO¹, Bin YAO¹, Xiaolu WANG¹()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding，Institute of Animal Science，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100193，China
^2.Biotechnology Research Insititute，CAAS，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2026-04-02 Accepted:2026-04-17 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-07-14
Contact: Xiaolu WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化石能源的大量使用导致大气中的二氧化碳（CO₂）浓度不断升高，所引发的全球温室效应乃至粮食危机威胁着人类社会的繁荣稳定。随着合成生物学技术的发展，利用微生物细胞工厂将CO₂转化为高值产品不但有望缓解气候恶化，还能够产生经济效益。首先介绍了自养和异养微生物的碳固定途径和策略以及用于CO₂资源化利用的底盘微生物菌株。而后，总结了以CO₂为原料的产物合成领域的研究进展。在此基础上，进一步归纳了提升产物产量的代谢工程手段及发酵技术。最后对CO₂资源化利用研究领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。综述期望为推动基于微生物细胞工厂的CO₂转化技术的发展助力，也为以CO₂为原料的工业产品制造研究提供策略及技术参考。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 固碳途径, 微生物细胞工厂, 代谢工程, 化学品生产

Abstract:

The extensive consumption of fossil fuels has led to a continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide （CO?） concentrations， triggering global warming and even food security crises that threaten the sustainable development and stability of human society. With the rapid advancement of synthetic biology， converting CO? into value-added products through microbial cell factories offers great potential for mitigating climate change while delivering considerable economic benefits. This review first introduced carbon fixation pathways and strategies in autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms， as well as chassis strains applied to CO? valorization. It then summarized recent advances in the biosynthesis of CO?-derived products. On this basis， metabolic engineering strategies and fermentation approaches for improving product yields were further discussed. Finally， future perspectives on efficient CO? bioutilization were proposed. This review was expected not only to facilitate the advancement of CO? conversion technologies based on microbial cell factories， but also to provide strategic and technical references for the industrial bioproduction of chemicals from CO?.

Key words: carbon dioxide, CO₂ fixation pathway, microbial cell factory, metabolic engineering, chemical production

中图分类号:

Q816

王晓雨, 崔林, 刘淼, 罗会颖, 姚斌, 王晓璐. 基于微生物细胞工厂的二氧化碳资源化利用研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(3): 454-484.

Xiaoyu WANG, Lin CUI, Miao LIU, Huiying LUO, Bin YAO, Xiaolu WANG. Research Advances on the Resource Utilization of Carbon Dioxide Based on Microbial Cell Factories[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(3): 454-484.

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链接本文: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0087

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I3/454

图/表 6

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固碳途径	反应数	固定1 mol CO₂的ATP/NAD(P)H消耗(mol/mol)	典型微生物	好氧/厌氧
卡尔文循环	11	3/2	蓝细菌钩虫贪铜菌	好氧
3-羟基丙酸双循环	16	1.67/1.67	橙色绿弯菌	好氧
3-羟基丙酸/4-羟基丁酸循环	16	2/2	勤奋生金球菌	好氧
还原性甘氨酸途径	6	2/4	亚磷酸盐氧化菌脱硫弧菌	厌氧
还原性三羧酸循环途径	9	1/2	热变形菌硫化叶菌	厌氧
还原性乙酰辅酶A途径	8	0.5/2	产甲烷菌产乙酸菌	厌氧
二羧酸/4-羟基丁酸循环	14	1.5/2	热变形菌目除硫球菌	厌氧

固碳途径	反应数	固定1 mol CO₂的ATP/NAD(P)H消耗(mol/mol)	典型微生物	好氧/厌氧
卡尔文循环	11	3/2	蓝细菌钩虫贪铜菌	好氧
3-羟基丙酸双循环	16	1.67/1.67	橙色绿弯菌	好氧
3-羟基丙酸/4-羟基丁酸循环	16	2/2	勤奋生金球菌	好氧
还原性甘氨酸途径	6	2/4	亚磷酸盐氧化菌脱硫弧菌	厌氧
还原性三羧酸循环途径	9	1/2	热变形菌硫化叶菌	厌氧
还原性乙酰辅酶A途径	8	0.5/2	产甲烷菌产乙酸菌	厌氧
二羧酸/4-羟基丁酸循环	14	1.5/2	热变形菌目除硫球菌	厌氧

产物类别	产物	宿主	文献	产物类别	产物	宿主	文献
重组蛋白	人乳铁蛋白	莱茵衣藻	[117]	色素	玉米黄质	莱茵衣藻	[187]
	成纤维细胞生长因子-2	集胞藻PCC 6803	[119]		虾青素	莱茵衣藻	[190]
	人源水通道蛋白9	类球红细菌	[122]		虾青素	集胞藻PCC 6803	[191]
	植酸酶	钩虫贪铜菌	[123]		岩藻黄素	三角褐指藻	[195]
	乳蛋白	毕赤酵母菌	[42]		靛蓝	集胞藻PCC 6803	[196]
单细胞蛋白	—	三角褐指藻	[130]		番茄红素	类球红细菌	[197]
	—	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[136]		番茄红素	钩虫贪铜菌	[198]
	—	类球红细菌	[138]	脂肪酸	游离脂肪酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[201]
	—	钩虫贪铜菌	[141]		十二烷酸	钩虫贪铜菌	[204]
	—	乙醇梭菌	[143]		碳链长度8-20脂肪酸	酿酒酵母	[10]
	—	酿酒酵母	[51]	烃类	烷烃	细长聚球藻PCC 11801	[207]
可降解塑料	PHB	三角褐指藻	[147]		法尼烯	细长聚球藻UTEX 2973	[181]
	PHB	聚球藻PCC 7002	[148]		甲烷	马尔堡甲烷嗜热杆菌	[210]
	PHB	钩虫贪铜菌	[153]	醇类	乙醇	聚球藻PCC 7002	[214]
	PHB	乙醇梭菌	[156]		乙醇	乙醇梭菌	[215]
	PHB	海沼甲烷球菌	[158]		异丙醇	钩虫贪铜菌	[216]
	PHB	细长聚球藻PCC 7942和普里斯特氏菌混合菌	[159]		异丙醇	伍氏醋酸杆菌	[217]
	聚乳酸	细长聚球藻PCC7942	[161]		正丁醇	沼泽红假单胞菌	[218]
有机酸	D-乳酸	莱茵衣藻	[163]		异丁醇	集胞藻PCC 6803	[219]
	L-乳酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[164]		2-甲基-1-丁醇	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[220]
	D-乳酸	伍氏醋酸杆菌	[165]		正己醇	乙醇梭菌	[221]
	乳酸、衣康酸	毕赤酵母	[166]	碳水化合物	淀粉	莱茵衣藻	[222]
	琥珀酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[167]		淀粉	解脂耶氏酵母	[223]
	苹果酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[170]		糖原	聚球藻PCC 7002	[224]
	3-羟基丙酸	钩虫贪铜菌	[171]		蔗糖	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[225]
	3-羟基丁酸	杨氏梭菌	[172]		葡萄糖	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[229]
氨基酸	色氨酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[173]		葡萄糖	钩虫贪铜菌	[230]
	甘氨酸	杨氏梭菌	[174]		葡萄糖	酿酒酵母	[10]
	赖氨酸	聚球藻PCC 7002	[175]	糖醇	肌醇	细长聚球藻UTEX 2973	[233]
萜类	β-蒎烯	三角褐指藻	[176]		肌醇	钩虫贪铜菌	[231]
	角鲨烯	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[179]		甘露醇	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[235]
	α-葎草烯	钩虫贪铜菌	[183]		甘露醇	钩虫贪铜菌	[234]
	异戊二烯	扬氏梭菌	[185]		透明质酸	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[238]
	β-法尼烯	解脂耶氏酵母	[40]

产物类别	产物	宿主	文献	产物类别	产物	宿主	文献
重组蛋白	人乳铁蛋白	莱茵衣藻	[117]	色素	玉米黄质	莱茵衣藻	[187]
	成纤维细胞生长因子-2	集胞藻PCC 6803	[119]		虾青素	莱茵衣藻	[190]
	人源水通道蛋白9	类球红细菌	[122]		虾青素	集胞藻PCC 6803	[191]
	植酸酶	钩虫贪铜菌	[123]		岩藻黄素	三角褐指藻	[195]
	乳蛋白	毕赤酵母菌	[42]		靛蓝	集胞藻PCC 6803	[196]
单细胞蛋白	—	三角褐指藻	[130]		番茄红素	类球红细菌	[197]
	—	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[136]		番茄红素	钩虫贪铜菌	[198]
	—	类球红细菌	[138]	脂肪酸	游离脂肪酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[201]
	—	钩虫贪铜菌	[141]		十二烷酸	钩虫贪铜菌	[204]
	—	乙醇梭菌	[143]		碳链长度8-20脂肪酸	酿酒酵母	[10]
	—	酿酒酵母	[51]	烃类	烷烃	细长聚球藻PCC 11801	[207]
可降解塑料	PHB	三角褐指藻	[147]		法尼烯	细长聚球藻UTEX 2973	[181]
	PHB	聚球藻PCC 7002	[148]		甲烷	马尔堡甲烷嗜热杆菌	[210]
	PHB	钩虫贪铜菌	[153]	醇类	乙醇	聚球藻PCC 7002	[214]
	PHB	乙醇梭菌	[156]		乙醇	乙醇梭菌	[215]
	PHB	海沼甲烷球菌	[158]		异丙醇	钩虫贪铜菌	[216]
	PHB	细长聚球藻PCC 7942和普里斯特氏菌混合菌	[159]		异丙醇	伍氏醋酸杆菌	[217]
	聚乳酸	细长聚球藻PCC7942	[161]		正丁醇	沼泽红假单胞菌	[218]
有机酸	D-乳酸	莱茵衣藻	[163]		异丁醇	集胞藻PCC 6803	[219]
	L-乳酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[164]		2-甲基-1-丁醇	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[220]
	D-乳酸	伍氏醋酸杆菌	[165]		正己醇	乙醇梭菌	[221]
	乳酸、衣康酸	毕赤酵母	[166]	碳水化合物	淀粉	莱茵衣藻	[222]
	琥珀酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[167]		淀粉	解脂耶氏酵母	[223]
	苹果酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[170]		糖原	聚球藻PCC 7002	[224]
	3-羟基丙酸	钩虫贪铜菌	[171]		蔗糖	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[225]
	3-羟基丁酸	杨氏梭菌	[172]		葡萄糖	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[229]
氨基酸	色氨酸	集胞藻PCC 6803	[173]		葡萄糖	钩虫贪铜菌	[230]
	甘氨酸	杨氏梭菌	[174]		葡萄糖	酿酒酵母	[10]
	赖氨酸	聚球藻PCC 7002	[175]	糖醇	肌醇	细长聚球藻UTEX 2973	[233]
萜类	β-蒎烯	三角褐指藻	[176]		肌醇	钩虫贪铜菌	[231]
	角鲨烯	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[179]		甘露醇	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[235]
	α-葎草烯	钩虫贪铜菌	[183]		甘露醇	钩虫贪铜菌	[234]
	异戊二烯	扬氏梭菌	[185]		透明质酸	细长聚球藻PCC 7942	[238]
	β-法尼烯	解脂耶氏酵母	[40]

基于微生物细胞工厂的二氧化碳资源化利用研究进展

Research Advances on the Resource Utilization of Carbon Dioxide Based on Microbial Cell Factories

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