产甲烷古菌遗传改造工具与高值化合物合成研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0108

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 485-495.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0108

产甲烷古菌遗传改造工具与高值化合物合成研究进展

伍晓轩¹(), 梁予倩¹, 郑甜儿¹^,², 刘泊言¹, 承磊¹^,³, 黄艳¹()

^1.农业农村部成都沼气科学研究所，农业农村部农村可再生能源开发利用重点实验室，成都 610041
^2.列日大学让布卢农业生物科技学院，比利时让布卢 5030
^3.中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所，农业农村部合成生物学重点实验室，岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心，广东深圳 518124

收稿日期:2026-04-08 接受日期:2026-04-20 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
通讯作者: 黄艳
作者简介:伍晓轩 E-mail： wuxiaoxuan@caas.cn；
基金资助:
四川省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2025ZYD0172);四川省科技计划青年科技创新研究团队项目(2024NSFTD0020);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(Y2024YJ09)

Advance in Genetic Modification Tools and High-value Compound Production in Methanogenic Archaea

Xiaoxuan WU¹(), Yuqian LIANG¹, Tianer ZHENG¹^,², Boyan LIU¹, Lei CHENG¹^,³, Yan HUANG¹()

^1.Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy，Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Chengdu 610041，China
^2.Gembloux Agro Bio Tech，University of Liège，Gembloux 5030，Belgium
^3.Shenzhen Branch，Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture，Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangdong Shenzhen 518124，China

Received:2026-04-08 Accepted:2026-04-20 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-07-14
Contact: Yan HUANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

产甲烷古菌是一类严格厌氧微生物类群，能够利用一碳（C₁）或二碳（C₂）化合物生长并产甲烷，且具有独特的膜脂结构和较好的极端环境耐受能力，因此在CO₂等碳资源高值化利用方面展现出底盘细胞潜力。目前，以甲烷八叠球菌属（Methanosarcina）和甲烷球菌属（Methanococcus）为代表的模式产甲烷古菌已逐步建立了穿梭载体、表达调控系统和同源重组、基因编辑技术等遗传改造工具箱。基于此，通过代谢重构和异源代谢途径整合，产甲烷古菌可用于生物合成类异戊二烯、生物塑料等多种非甲烷高值化合物及有机酸和有机醇等小分子平台化合物。从产甲烷古菌的遗传改造工具和高值化合物合成两个方面，系统综述了该领域的研究进展，分析了产甲烷古菌细胞工厂的潜在应用前景，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为产甲烷古菌的合成生物学研究提供参考。

关键词: 产甲烷古菌, 遗传改造, 合成生物学, 碳资源利用

Abstract:

Methanogenic archaea are strictly anaerobic microorganisms capable of utilizing one-carbon （C₁） or two-carbon （C₂） compounds for growth and methane production. Owing to their unique membrane lipid structures and tolerance to various extreme environmental conditions， they represent promising chassis cells for the high-value conversion of carbon resources such as CO₂. To date， genetic engineering toolkits have been progressively established in model methanogens， particularly Methanosarcina and Methanococcus， including shuttle vectors， expression regulation systems， homologous recombination， and gene editing technologies. Leveraging these tools， methanogenic archaea have been metabolically engineered to produce a range of high-value non-methane compounds， including isoprenoids and bioplastics， as well as metabolic intermediates such as organic acids and organic alcohols， through metabolic pathway remodeling and the integration of heterologous metabolic pathways. This review systematically summarized the research progress of genetic engineering tools and high-value compound synthesis in methanogenic archaea， evaluated the application potential of methanogenic archaeal cell factories， and outlined future research directions， which was expected to provide reference for advance synthetic biology research in methanogens.

Key words: methanogens, genetic engineering, synthetic biology, carbon resource utilization

中图分类号:

Q939

伍晓轩, 梁予倩, 郑甜儿, 刘泊言, 承磊, 黄艳. 产甲烷古菌遗传改造工具与高值化合物合成研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(3): 485-495.

Xiaoxuan WU, Yuqian LIANG, Tianer ZHENG, Boyan LIU, Lei CHENG, Yan HUANG. Advance in Genetic Modification Tools and High-value Compound Production in Methanogenic Archaea[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(3): 485-495.

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菌株	底物	策略	产物	产量	参考文献
M. maripaludis	CO₂	表达crtB、crtI基因；优化MVA途径	番茄红素	未报道	[76]
M. maripaludis	H₂/CO₂或甲酸盐	表达罗勒来源的香叶醇合酶基因(ges)	香叶醇	2.8 mg·g^-1细胞干重(H₂/CO₂）； 4.0 mg·g^-1细胞干重（甲酸盐）； 4.6 mg·g^-1细胞干重（甲酸盐；无选择压力）	[50]
M. acetivorans	甲醇、三甲胺、乙酸	表达杨树来源的异戊二烯合酶基因(ispS)	异戊二烯	855 μmol·L^-1	[49]
M. acetivorans	市政废水	表达杨树来源的异戊二烯合酶基因(ispS)	异戊二烯	0.97 mmol·L^-1	[70]

菌株	底物	策略	产物	产量	参考文献
M. maripaludis	CO₂	表达crtB、crtI基因；优化MVA途径	番茄红素	未报道	[76]
M. maripaludis	H₂/CO₂或甲酸盐	表达罗勒来源的香叶醇合酶基因(ges)	香叶醇	2.8 mg·g^-1细胞干重(H₂/CO₂）； 4.0 mg·g^-1细胞干重（甲酸盐）； 4.6 mg·g^-1细胞干重（甲酸盐；无选择压力）	[50]
M. acetivorans	甲醇、三甲胺、乙酸	表达杨树来源的异戊二烯合酶基因(ispS)	异戊二烯	855 μmol·L^-1	[49]
M. acetivorans	市政废水	表达杨树来源的异戊二烯合酶基因(ispS)	异戊二烯	0.97 mmol·L^-1	[70]

产甲烷古菌遗传改造工具与高值化合物合成研究进展

Advance in Genetic Modification Tools and High-value Compound Production in Methanogenic Archaea

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