先进水凝胶传感平台的理性设计策略

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0017

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 215-224.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0017

• 进展评述 •

先进水凝胶传感平台的理性设计策略

粟元¹^,²(), 焦伟伟³, 朱龙佼¹^,², 许文涛¹^,²()

^1.中国农业大学营养与健康系，北京 100193
^2.食品精准营养与质量控制教育部重点实验室，北京 100193
^3.国家儿童医学中心，首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院，北京市儿科研究所呼吸疾病研究室，儿科学国家重点学科，儿科重大疾病研究教育部重点实验室，国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心，儿童新发突发传染病防治关键技术北京市重点实验室，北京 100045

收稿日期:2026-01-10 接受日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-27
通讯作者: 许文涛
作者简介:粟元 E-mail: sy18223736@163.com；
基金资助:
北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC01);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L244077);国中康健集团科技项目(GZKJ-KJXX-QTHT-20230626)

Rational Design Strategies for Advanced Hydrogel-based Sensing Platforms

Yuan SU¹^,²(), Weiwei JIAO³, Longjiao ZHU¹^,², Wentao XU¹^,²()

^1.Department of Nutrition and Health，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Food Precision Nutrition and Quality Control，Ministry of Education，Beijing 100193，China
^3.Beijing Key Laboratory of Core Technologies for the Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Children，Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children，Ministry of Education，National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases，Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases，Beijing Pediatric Research Institute，Beijing Children's Hospital，Capital Medical University，National Center for Children's Health，Beijing 100045，China

Received:2026-01-10 Accepted:2026-01-26 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-27
Contact: Wentao XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传感技术是健康与环境监测的基石，但其发展受限于传统界面材料的生物相容性与机械匹配性。水凝胶作为一类亲水性三维网络软材料，凭借其仿生特性和可调物化性质，为解决该瓶颈提供了理想平台。首次系统提炼并阐述了八大设计范式，包括功能核酸编程、酶催化与生物分子识别、合成超分子模块、纳米复合材料、物理限域效应、刺激响应聚合物、微针传感以及柔性可穿戴器件集成，明确了水凝胶在不同策略中作为主动响应单元或被动优化介质的核心角色。旨在为相关研究提供系统的理性设计框架，推动该领域从经验探索向理性构建的范式转变。

关键词: 水凝胶, 传感器, 检测, 理性设计

Abstract:

Sensing technology serves as a cornerstone for health and environmental monitoring， yet its advancement is constrained by the inadequate biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility of traditional interface materials. Hydrogels， as a class of hydrophilic three-dimensional network soft materials， offer an ideal platform to address this bottleneck owing to their biomimetic features and tunable physicochemical properties. For the first time， this review systematically summarized and elaborated on eight rational design paradigms for hydrogel-based sensors， including functional nucleic acid programming， enzymatic catalysis and biomolecular recognition， synthetic supramolecular modules， nanocomposite integration， physical confinement effects， stimulus-responsive polymer systems， microneedle-based sensing， and flexible wearable device integration. These paradigms clarified the central role of hydrogels as either active responsive units or passive optimization matrices across different strategies. The work aims to provide a systematic rational design framework for relevant research， facilitating a paradigm shift in the field from empirical exploration toward rational construction.

Key words: hydrogel, sensor, detection, rational design

中图分类号:

Q819

粟元, 焦伟伟, 朱龙佼, 许文涛. 先进水凝胶传感平台的理性设计策略[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(2): 215-224.

Yuan SU, Weiwei JIAO, Longjiao ZHU, Wentao XU. Rational Design Strategies for Advanced Hydrogel-based Sensing Platforms[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(2): 215-224.

图/表 2

图1 水凝胶传感平台理性设计框架示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the rational design framework for hydrogel sensing platforms

图2 基于物理限域与微反应场功能设计的水凝胶传感与成像策略A：空间限域水凝胶颗粒用于荧光DNA检测[62]；B：水凝胶颗粒阵列用于黄曲霉毒素 B1（aflatoxin B1，AFB1）早期预警[63]；C：聚丙烯酰胺（acrylamide，PAM）水凝胶中的纳米限域核酸扩增[68]；D：水凝胶原位信号级联扩增（in-situ signal cascade amplification in hydrogels，iSCIA）技术用于生物样本表面核酸的原位成像[65]

Fig. 2 Hydrogel-based sensing and imaging strategies leveraging physical confinement and microreaction environment designs

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先进水凝胶传感平台的理性设计策略

Rational Design Strategies for Advanced Hydrogel-based Sensing Platforms

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