即时检测技术用于病原体检测的研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0091

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 53-60.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0091

即时检测技术用于病原体检测的研究进展

曹硕, 张正昆(), 李琛琛()

青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院，山东青岛 266042

收稿日期:2025-07-30 接受日期:2025-11-06 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者: 李琛琛
作者简介:张正昆 E-mail: 1756541682@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(22304097);山东省优秀青年基金项目(ZR2022YQ09)

Advances in Point-of-care Testing Technologies for Pathogen Detection

Shuo CAO, Zhengkun ZHANG(), Chenchen LI()

College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering，Qingdao University of Science and Technology，Shandong Qingdao 266042，China

Received:2025-07-30 Accepted:2025-11-06 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: Chenchen LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

病原体是一种可引起传染病的微生物，对人类健康构成严重威胁，也带来经济和社会负担。开发高度敏感、特异、便携的实时病原体检测方法对于预防传染病的传播至关重要。即时检测（point-of-care testing，POCT）是一种在采样点使用便携设备和试剂进行快速检测、即时获取结果的体外诊断方法。便携式生物传感器作为POCT重要的实现形式，具备检测快速、成本低廉、易于大规模快速应用等优势，在病原体检测中备受关注。系统综述了便携式生物传感器在细菌、病毒即时检测中的最新应用进展，基于信号传感机制重点讨论了电化学、比色、荧光、表面增强拉曼及表面等离子体共振等检测方法。同时，对融合侧向流动分析（lateral flow assay，LFA）与微流控技术构建的便携式传感器平台进行了总结，并展望了其未来发展方向，旨在为该领域的进一步研究和技术开发提供参考。

关键词: 即时检测技术, 便携式生物传感器, 病原体检测

Abstract:

Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause infectious diseases， posing a serious threat to human health and imposing economic and social burdens. Therefore， developing highly sensitive， specific and portable real-time pathogen detection methods is of vital importance for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Point-of-care testing （POCT） is an in vitro diagnostic method that uses portable devices and reagents at the sampling point for rapid detection and immediate acquisition of results. Portable biosensors， as an important implementation form， have advantages such as rapid detection， low cost， and easy large-scale and rapid application， and have attracted much attention in pathogen detection. The latest progress of portable biosensors in the real-time detection of bacteria and viruses is systematically reviewed. Based on the signal sensing mechanism， the detection methods such as electrochemical， colorimetric， fluorescence， surface-enhanced Raman and surface plasmon resonance were mainly discussed. Meanwhile， the portable sensor platform constructed by integrating lateral flow assay （LFA） and microfluidic technology was summarized， and its future development was prospected， aiming to provide references for further research and technological development in this field.

Key words: point-of-care testing, portable biosensors, pathogens detection

中图分类号:

Q939.9

曹硕, 张正昆, 李琛琛. 即时检测技术用于病原体检测的研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(1): 53-60.

Shuo CAO, Zhengkun ZHANG, Chenchen LI. Advances in Point-of-care Testing Technologies for Pathogen Detection[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(1): 53-60.

图/表 4

图1 多路便携式DNA传感装置的设计方案

Fig. 1 Scheme for the multiplex portable DNA sensing device development

图2 用于检测黄病毒的竞争性侧流检测方案示例

Fig. 2 An example of a competitive side stream detection scheme for detecting flavivirus

图3 用于病原体检测的μFAchip的示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the μFAchip for pathogen detection

图4 侧向流动分析方案示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of lateral flow analysis scheme

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即时检测技术用于病原体检测的研究进展

Advances in Point-of-care Testing Technologies for Pathogen Detection

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