主要农作物种子转基因检测技术及筛查策略研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0132

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0132

• 进展评述 • 下一篇

主要农作物种子转基因检测技术及筛查策略研究进展

岳庆春¹^,²(), 孟思远¹, 刘国华¹^,²()

^1.甘肃省种子总站，兰州 730000
^2.农业农村部玉米种子质量检验测试中心（兰州），甘肃省农作物种子质量监督检测中心，兰州 730000

收稿日期:2025-09-28 接受日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者: 刘国华
作者简介:岳庆春 E-mail: yueqingchun1118@163.com；
基金资助:
甘肃省农业农村厅科技支撑项目-转基因玉米种子绿色高效生产和质量控制技术集成示范推广(KJZC-2024-23)

Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds

Qingchun YUE¹^,²(), Siyuan MENG¹, Guohua LIU¹^,²()

^1.Gansu Provincial Seed Station，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.Corn Seed Quality Inspection and Testing Center （Lanzhou），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Gansu Provincial Crop Seed Quality Supervision and Testing Center，Lanzhou 730000，China

Received:2025-09-28 Accepted:2025-11-12 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: Guohua LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

转基因技术在农作物高产、抗病虫与耐除草剂等性状改良方面发挥着重要作用，已广泛应用于农业生产。然而，随着转基因作物种植面积的不断扩大以及基因编辑等新技术的涌现，农作物种子的转基因监管面临日益严峻的挑战。系统综述了主要农作物种子转基因检测技术的应用现状，深入剖析了各项技术的原理与机制，并构建了适用于不同作物的转基因筛查路线图。针对当前检测技术中存在的灵敏度低、多组分同步检测能力不足以及现场快速检测装备研发滞后等关键技术瓶颈，进行了全面分析。在此基础上，对未来发展方向作出展望，以期为农作物转基因生物安全监管提供理论依据。

关键词: 农作物种子, 转基因检测, 筛查策略

Abstract:

Transgenic technology has played a pivotal role in improving key agronomic traits in crops， such as high yield， resistance to pests and diseases， and herbicide tolerance， and has been widely adopted in agricultural production. However， with the continuous expansion of genetically modified （GM） crop cultivation and the emergence of new breeding technologies like gene editing， the regulatory oversight of transgenic seeds is facing increasingly serious challenges. This article systematically reviewed the current application of detection technologies for transgenic events in major crop seeds， elucidated their underlying principles and mechanisms， and proposed a screening framework tailored to different crop species. It provided a comprehensive analysis of critical technical limitations， including low detection sensitivity， insufficient capability for simultaneous multi-target detection， and lagging development of portable devices for on-site rapid screening. Building on this assessment， future research directions were outlined， aiming to offer a theoretical foundation for strengthening the biosafety regulation of transgenic crops in seeds.

Key words: crop seeds, transgenic detection, screening strategies

中图分类号:

Q789

岳庆春, 孟思远, 刘国华. 主要农作物种子转基因检测技术及筛查策略研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(1): 1-9.

Qingchun YUE, Siyuan MENG, Guohua LIU. Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(1): 1-9.

图/表 7

表1 主要转基因检测技术的性能特征与适用场景对比分析

Table 1 Comparative analysis of performance characteristics and applicable scenarios for major transgenic detection technologies

技术	检测限	多靶标能力	定量精度	成本	检测时间	适用检测对象	最佳适用场景
qPCR/dPCR	0.01%~0.05%	低（≤6重）	高（误差<5%）	中等	2~4 h	DNA	实验室精准定量
全基因组测序（WGS）	0.1%	高（全基因组）	中高	高	12~24 h	DNA	未知事件解析与仲裁检测
基因芯片	0.1%~1%	高（≥50靶标）	中	高	6~8 h	DNA	多靶标高通量普查
免疫层析试纸条	0.1%~1%	低（通常单靶标）	半定量（阈值判断）	低	10~15 min	蛋白质	田间现场快速筛查
SPR生物传感	0.1 nmol	中（≥3靶标）	高	高	1~2 h	DNA/蛋白质	实验室多重靶标筛查
电化学传感器	0.1 fmol	低（1~2靶标）	高	低	30~60 min	DNA	现场便携式设备应用

图1 玉米转基因筛查路线图

Fig. 1 Workflow for transgene screening in maize

图2 大豆转基因筛查路线图

Fig. 2 Workflow for transgene screening in soybean

图3 水稻转基因筛查路线图

Fig. 3 Workflow for transgene screening in rice

图4 棉花转基因筛查路线图

Fig. 4 Workflow for transgene screening in cotton

图5 小麦转基因筛查路线图

Fig. 5 Workflow for transgene screening in wheat

图6 转基因检测技术与监管流程衔接框图

Fig. 6 Linkage diagram of transgenic detection technology and regulatory process

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主要农作物种子转基因检测技术及筛查策略研究进展

Research Advances in Transgenic Detection Technologies and Screening Strategies for Major Crop Seeds

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