Live microbial agriculture is an innovative agricultural model that uses on-site intelligent fermentation as its core technology. Through beneficial microbial on-site intelligent fermentation technology， highly active microorganisms are directly cultivated in application scenarios such as field planting， pond mouth breeding， and facility agriculture. Liquid live microbial preparations are used for immediate and nearby application， breaking the bottleneck problems of long production cycles， declining field vitality， and low application effects in traditional agricultural microbial technology. At present， research on live microbial agricultural microbiology technology is still in its initial stage and there have been no relevant reports. This review summarized the multidimensional advantages， intelligent fermentation technology， main functions， and application areas of live microbial agriculture. It also looks forward to the future application prospects of live microbial agriculture， aiming to provide new impetus for improving agricultural production efficiency， reshaping the application mode and industrial development of agricultural microorganisms.