关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环, 炎症, 抗体, 基因

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease with multiple causes, which has a high prevalence rate and complicated causes, including inflammation, autoimmunity, genetic abnormality, etc., but the specific pathogenesis is still unclear. Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter and a potential neurotoxin in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, and its excitotoxicity may lead to the death of nerve cells. However, the metabolic coupling of glutamate and glutamine between astrocytes and neurons prevents excessive glutamate from spreading to peripheral neurons, thus avoiding excessive excitation of neurons and protecting neurons. Studies have shown that abnormal glutamate-glutamine cycle may be the core mechanism of ASD. Therefore, the relationship between the classical causes of autism spectrum disorder, such as inflammation, autoimmunity and genetic abnormality, and the glutamate-glutamine cycle was reviewed, in order to provide a new idea for the classification and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, glutamate-glutamine cycle, inflammation, antibodies, genes