Abstract:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide （NAD⁺） is a coenzyme that plays an important role in glycolysis， gluconeogenesis， tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain. It is widely involved in DNA repair， histone deacetylation and other life processes. In recent years， studies have shown that NAD⁺ substrates and intermediates （molecules with vitamin B3 activity， such as nicotinic acid， nicotinamide， nicotinamide nucleoside and nicotinamide mononucleotide） have many important effects on taking precautions against pellagra， delaying aging， curing diseases such as nerve and cardiovascular diseases， regulating insulin secretion， regulating mRNA expression and so on. This paper reviewed the synthesis and metabolism of coenzyme and the regulation of coenzyme metabolism during the aging process， and provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the enrichment of NAD⁺ intermediates in Escherichia coli and other organisms by synthetic biology.

Key words: coenzyme Ⅰ, NAD⁺, synthesis and metabolism, human, aging, regulation

摘要：

辅酶Ⅰ——烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NAD⁺）是一种在糖酵解、糖异生、三羧酸循环及呼吸链中发挥重要作用的辅酶，广泛参与DNA修复、组蛋白去乙酰化等生命过程。近年来研究表明NAD⁺合成的前体和中间化合物（具有维生素B3活性的烟酸、烟酰胺、烟酰胺核苷和烟酰胺单核苷酸）在预防糙皮病、延缓衰老,治疗神经和心血管多种疾病、调节胰岛素分泌、调控mRNA的表达等方面具有重要疗效。着重介绍了辅酶Ⅰ体内的合成代谢以及参与的调节衰老进程，以期为利用合成生物学技术在大肠杆菌中富集NAD⁺中间化合物提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 辅酶Ⅰ, 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸, 合成代谢, 人体, 衰老, 调控