微生物类生物刺激素在农业上的研究现状

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0180

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 585-594.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0180

微生物类生物刺激素在农业上的研究现状

文亚雄¹^,²(), 周艳², 刘大成², 张利生², 姜柔², 曾聪², 谭石勇¹^,²^,³()

^1.岳麓山实验室，长沙 410000
^2.湖南神隆科技有限公司，长沙 410000
^3.湖南省微生物研究所，长沙 410000

收稿日期:2025-12-15 接受日期:2026-01-08 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
通讯作者: 谭石勇
作者简介:文亚雄 E-mail: 564795454@qq.com；
基金资助:
岳麓山实验室种业专项(YLS-2025-ZY02039);国家重点研发计划科技型中小企业项目(2023YFD1902400);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2025AQ2028);2025年度西藏昌都市区域科技协同创新专项项目(CDKJ-2025QY004)

Research Satus of Microbial Biostimulant in Ariculture

Yaxiong WEN¹^,²(), Yan ZHOU², Dacheng LIU², Lisheng ZHANG², Rou JIANG², Cong ZENG², Shiyong TAN¹^,²^,³()

^1.Yuelushan Laboratory，Changsha 410000，China
^2.Hunan Shenlong Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Changsha 410000，China
^3.Hunan Provincial Institute of Microbiology，Changsha 410000，China

Received:2025-12-15 Accepted:2026-01-08 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-07-14
Contact: Shiyong TAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着国家化肥农药减量增效（简称农业“双减”）政策的深入推进，在日益严峻的气候与环境挑战下，农业领域亟须通过产品创新以适配时代发展要求。在政策与现实的双重要求下，如何最大限度地提高作物产量与质量，并尽量减少农业生产对环境的影响成为实现粮食安全的潜在挑战之一。通过概述生物刺激素的定义，归纳总结了微生物及其代谢产物在改善作物生长及调控作物应对病虫害等生物胁迫与盐胁迫、温度胁迫、干旱胁迫及重金属胁迫等非生物胁迫方面的研究进展，揭示了微生物类生物刺激素在农业中的应用潜力，并对微生物类生物刺激素的未来发展进行了展望，以期为解决气候变化、环境污染等带来的粮食安全问题提供新的思路和方法。

关键词: 生物刺激素, 微生物, 代谢产物, 促进生长, 逆境胁迫

Key words: biostimulant, mcroorganism, metabolite, growth-promoting, adversity stress

中图分类号:

Q939.96

文亚雄, 周艳, 刘大成, 张利生, 姜柔, 曾聪, 谭石勇. 微生物类生物刺激素在农业上的研究现状[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(3): 585-594.

Yaxiong WEN, Yan ZHOU, Dacheng LIU, Lisheng ZHANG, Rou JIANG, Cong ZENG, Shiyong TAN. Research Satus of Microbial Biostimulant in Ariculture[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(3): 585-594.

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https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I3/585

图/表 2

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微生物类生物刺激素	作用植物/病虫害	作用机制
解淀粉芽孢杆菌	黄瓜/菌核病	提高多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性，上调防御相关基因（PR1、LecRK6.1）
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	苹果/腐烂病	产生脂肽类抑菌成分，诱导MdNPR1、MdPDF1、MdPR2、MdPR4、MdPR1等5种关键抗性基因的表达
苯丙氨酸	梨/果实腐烂病	通过正向调节苯丙烷代谢、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶级联、钙信号和WRKY转录因子
丛枝菌根	番茄/烟粉虱	提高过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶等防御酶活性和总酚含量
线性肽	番茄/丁香假单胞菌及南方根结线虫	植物先天免疫的关键激发子
茉莉酸	黄花菜/棕榈蓟马	调控关于木质素和蜡质生物合成、细胞壁增厚、抗氧化酶合成、蛋白酶抑制剂合成、次生代谢物合成和防御激素信号等抗虫途径相关基因的差异表达
γ-氨基丁酸	水稻/白背飞虱	调节抗氧化防御系统、TCA循环、植物激素信号传导和致病相关基因调控

微生物类生物刺激素	作用植物/病虫害	作用机制
解淀粉芽孢杆菌	黄瓜/菌核病	提高多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性，上调防御相关基因（PR1、LecRK6.1）
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	苹果/腐烂病	产生脂肽类抑菌成分，诱导MdNPR1、MdPDF1、MdPR2、MdPR4、MdPR1等5种关键抗性基因的表达
苯丙氨酸	梨/果实腐烂病	通过正向调节苯丙烷代谢、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶级联、钙信号和WRKY转录因子
丛枝菌根	番茄/烟粉虱	提高过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶等防御酶活性和总酚含量
线性肽	番茄/丁香假单胞菌及南方根结线虫	植物先天免疫的关键激发子
茉莉酸	黄花菜/棕榈蓟马	调控关于木质素和蜡质生物合成、细胞壁增厚、抗氧化酶合成、蛋白酶抑制剂合成、次生代谢物合成和防御激素信号等抗虫途径相关基因的差异表达
γ-氨基丁酸	水稻/白背飞虱	调节抗氧化防御系统、TCA循环、植物激素信号传导和致病相关基因调控

微生物类生物刺激素	作用植物/胁迫类型	作用机制
假关节杆菌、不动杆菌和假单胞菌	玉米/盐胁迫	改善抗氧化水平、叶绿素和渗透调节剂积累
亚麻短杆菌	水稻/盐胁迫	影响植株脯氨酸、甘氨酸、甜菜碱的积累
螺旋藻胞外多糖	罗勒、菠菜/盐胁迫	升高植物脯氨酸、总酚和可溶性糖水平及K⁺/Na⁺比值
5-ALA	紫花苜蓿/盐胁迫	减弱Na⁺积累、活性氧产生和脂质过氧化，调节离子转运、渗透调节和氧化还原平衡，增强细胞膜完整性、渗透保护机制和抗氧化防御能力
谷氨酸杆菌胞外多糖	番茄/盐胁迫	调整植物激素信号传递、苯丙素生物合成和蛋白质加工等基因的表达
腐胺	小麦/盐胁迫	提高脯氨酸含量
亚胺	水稻/盐胁迫	调节OsbZIP73蛋白活性
球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌	玉米/低温胁迫	上调渗透酶、酚类物质、植物激素和抗氧化酶
巨大普里斯特氏菌	大豆/高温胁迫	上调GSH、SOD、APX、CAT等酶活及参与脱落酸生物合成和诱导气孔调节的2个转录因子GmbZIP1、GmNCED3表达，下调GmHSP表达
甘氨酸甜菜碱	番茄/低温胁迫	调控植株抗氧化能力、钙信号、光合活性、能量代谢相关基因和低温途径相关基因的表达
亚精胺	生菜/高温胁迫	清除超氧自由基、结合核孔和中心转运，促进物质运输和提高抗氧化酶活性
荧光假单胞菌	番茄/干旱胁迫	上调与苯丙氨酸代谢和其他与植物生长、发育和抗旱能力相关基因的表达，提高叶片叶绿素含量、ABA含量和气孔关闭度，升高抗氧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力
丛枝菌根真菌	玉米/干旱胁迫	降低渗透调节物质，增加抗氧化酶活性
D-鸟氨酸	鼠尾草/干旱胁迫	提高总多胺、结合腐胺、结合亚精胺和结合精胺、脯氨酸和总可溶性糖等渗透产物的水平
巴西固氮螺菌	小白菜/重金属胁迫	增加脱落酸水平，减少IRT1与IRT2表达
霍氏肠杆菌	黑麦草/重金属胁迫	增加Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Mn²⁺水平，促进镉的吸收和离子平衡的重建
热带根瘤菌胞外多糖	小麦/重金属胁迫	限制对铝的吸收和运输，增强对氧化应激的抗氧化防御

微生物类生物刺激素	作用植物/胁迫类型	作用机制
假关节杆菌、不动杆菌和假单胞菌	玉米/盐胁迫	改善抗氧化水平、叶绿素和渗透调节剂积累
亚麻短杆菌	水稻/盐胁迫	影响植株脯氨酸、甘氨酸、甜菜碱的积累
螺旋藻胞外多糖	罗勒、菠菜/盐胁迫	升高植物脯氨酸、总酚和可溶性糖水平及K⁺/Na⁺比值
5-ALA	紫花苜蓿/盐胁迫	减弱Na⁺积累、活性氧产生和脂质过氧化，调节离子转运、渗透调节和氧化还原平衡，增强细胞膜完整性、渗透保护机制和抗氧化防御能力
谷氨酸杆菌胞外多糖	番茄/盐胁迫	调整植物激素信号传递、苯丙素生物合成和蛋白质加工等基因的表达
腐胺	小麦/盐胁迫	提高脯氨酸含量
亚胺	水稻/盐胁迫	调节OsbZIP73蛋白活性
球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌	玉米/低温胁迫	上调渗透酶、酚类物质、植物激素和抗氧化酶
巨大普里斯特氏菌	大豆/高温胁迫	上调GSH、SOD、APX、CAT等酶活及参与脱落酸生物合成和诱导气孔调节的2个转录因子GmbZIP1、GmNCED3表达，下调GmHSP表达
甘氨酸甜菜碱	番茄/低温胁迫	调控植株抗氧化能力、钙信号、光合活性、能量代谢相关基因和低温途径相关基因的表达
亚精胺	生菜/高温胁迫	清除超氧自由基、结合核孔和中心转运，促进物质运输和提高抗氧化酶活性
荧光假单胞菌	番茄/干旱胁迫	上调与苯丙氨酸代谢和其他与植物生长、发育和抗旱能力相关基因的表达，提高叶片叶绿素含量、ABA含量和气孔关闭度，升高抗氧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力
丛枝菌根真菌	玉米/干旱胁迫	降低渗透调节物质，增加抗氧化酶活性
D-鸟氨酸	鼠尾草/干旱胁迫	提高总多胺、结合腐胺、结合亚精胺和结合精胺、脯氨酸和总可溶性糖等渗透产物的水平
巴西固氮螺菌	小白菜/重金属胁迫	增加脱落酸水平，减少IRT1与IRT2表达
霍氏肠杆菌	黑麦草/重金属胁迫	增加Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Mn²⁺水平，促进镉的吸收和离子平衡的重建
热带根瘤菌胞外多糖	小麦/重金属胁迫	限制对铝的吸收和运输，增强对氧化应激的抗氧化防御

微生物类生物刺激素在农业上的研究现状

Research Satus of Microbial Biostimulant in Ariculture

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