Abstract:

Nitrogen application rate is a critical factor affecting both the yield and quality of tobacco leaves； however， excessive nitrogen application is prevalent in practical production， resulting in a contradiction between tobacco leaf yield and quality. To clarify the appropriate nitrogen application range and improve tobacco leaf production efficiency， field experiments were conducted using ‘Yunyan 87’ as the test material， with three nitrogen application gradients set： low nitrogen （pure nitrogen 135 kg·hm^-2）， medium nitrogen （150 kg·hm^-2）， and high nitrogen （165 kg·hm^-2）. The effects of different nitrogen levels on agronomic traits， yield， output value， as well as appearance quality， sensory quality， physical characteristics and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the high nitrogen treatment group significantly promoted plant growth and development： compared with medium and low nitrogen treatments， plant height increased by 6.0% and 11.7% respectively， and leaf width increased by 9.3%~13.3%； the yield of flue-cured tobacco after curing increased by 7.4% and 18.4% respectively， and the appearance quality score was also improved. Nevertheless， high nitrogen treatment significantly reduced the accumulation of aroma-forming components： the total content of aroma-forming components in middle leaves was 86.6% of that in the low nitrogen group， and the scores of several sensory evaluation indices were lower than those in the low nitrogen group. In contrast， low nitrogen treatment led to a more than 10% decrease in tobacco leaf yield， but significantly promoted the accumulation of aroma-forming components such as terpenoids， and the sensory quality performance was also better. These findings indicate that optimizing nitrogen application is a key approach to achieving the coordinated unification of tobacco leaf yield and quality. Although excessive nitrogen application can improve yield and appearance quality， it reduces the accumulation of aroma-forming components in tobacco leaves， thereby impairing their intrinsic quality. Therefore， the current nitrogen application strategy should be optimized according to actual production conditions to ensure the high-quality and efficient production of tobacco leaves and the sustainable development of the industry.

Key words: tobacco, nitrogen application, growth and development, aroma components, sensory quality

摘要：

氮肥施用量是影响烟叶产量与品质的重要因素，但在实际生产中普遍存在施氮量偏高的现象，造成烟叶产量与品质之间的矛盾。为明确适宜施氮范围并提升烟叶生产效益，以‘云烟87’为试验材料，设置低氮（纯氮135 kg·hm^-2）、中氮（150 kg·hm^-2）和高氮（165 kg·hm^-2）3个施氮梯度，通过田间试验系统评价其对农艺性状、产量、产值及外观、感官、物理特性及致香成分的影响。试验结果表明，高氮处理组可显著促进植株的生长发育，株高较中氮和低氮分别提高了6.0%和11.7%，叶宽提升了9.3%~13.3%；烤后烟叶产量分别提升了7.4%和18.4%，外观质量评分亦有所提升。然而，高氮处理会显著降低致香成分积累，中部叶总致香成分含量为低氮组的86.6%，多项感官评价指标得分也低于低氮组。而低氮处理导致烟叶产量下降10%以上，但萜烯类等致香成分显著积累，感官质量表现也更优。由此表明，优化氮肥施用是实现烟叶产量与品质协调统一的关键途径，过量施氮虽能提升产量与外观品质，但会降低烟叶中致香成分的积累从而削弱其内在品质，应根据生产实际优化当前的施氮策略，以保障烟叶优质高效生产和行业可持续发展。

关键词: 烟草, 施氮量, 生长发育, 致香成分, 感官质量