淡豆豉活性成分与药理作用的研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0176

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 277-287.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0176

• 进展评述 • 上一篇

淡豆豉活性成分与药理作用的研究进展

陈泓霖(), 申金金, 李梦鸽, 王燕()

宁夏医科大学中医学院，银川 750004

收稿日期:2025-12-08 接受日期:2026-01-08 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-27
通讯作者: 王燕
作者简介:陈泓霖 E-mail: 1022810557@qq.com；
基金资助:
2025年大学生创新创业训练计划（国家级）(202510752015);2025年大学生创新创业训练计划（省级）(S202510752038)

Research Progress on the Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Effects of Fermented Soybean Paste

Honglin CHEN(), Jinjin SHEN, Mengge LI, Yan WANG()

College of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Ningxia Medical University，Yinchuan 750004，China

Received:2025-12-08 Accepted:2026-01-08 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-27
Contact: Yan WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

淡豆豉是我国传统药食同源中药材，应用范围广泛，于2002年被列入第一批药食同源物质目录，具有较高的研究价值与应用潜力。研究发现，淡豆豉富含挥发性物质、黄酮类、植物多糖、氨基酸等有机化合物与无机微量元素，具有改善阿尔兹海默症、降低血糖血脂、调控血管舒缩、抗骨质疏松、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗抑郁等药理活性。系统综述了淡豆豉的活性成分及其药理作用研究进展，以期为淡豆豉的开发与资源综合利用提供参考。

关键词: 淡豆豉, 活性成分, 药理作用

Abstract:

Fermented soybean is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a wide range of applications. It was included in the first batch of medicinal and edible substances catalog in 2002 with high research value and application potential. Studies have found that fermented soybean is rich in organic compounds such as volatile substances， flavonoids， plant polysaccharides， amino acids， and inorganic trace elements， exhibiting pharmacological activities including improving Alzheimer's disease， reducing blood sugar and blood lipids， regulating vascular relaxation， anti osteoporosis， anti-tumor， antioxidant， antiviral， and antidepressant. The systematic review summarized the research progress on the active ingredients and pharmacological effects of fermented soybean， in order to provide a reference for the development and comprehensive resource utilization of fermented soybean.

Key words: fermented soybean, active ingredients, pharmacological action

中图分类号:

Q945.1

陈泓霖, 申金金, 李梦鸽, 王燕. 淡豆豉活性成分与药理作用的研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(2): 277-287.

Honglin CHEN, Jinjin SHEN, Mengge LI, Yan WANG. Research Progress on the Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Effects of Fermented Soybean Paste[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(2): 277-287.

图/表 1

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药理作用	对应活性成分
改善阿兹海默症（抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶）	淡豆豉异黄酮总苷元（总苷元>染料木素>黄豆苷元>黄豆黄素）
降血糖	淡豆豉异黄酮（表现：ISSP>淡豆豉>黑豆）
降血脂	异黄酮类成分（表现：ISSP>淡豆豉）
调控血管舒缩（抑制ACE活性）	GABA（与大豆苷元、染料木素无关）
抗骨质疏松	大豆苷元（炮制后苷元含量上升，糖苷含量则降低）
抗肿瘤	大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素等（炮制后含量升高）
抗氧化	淡豆豉异黄酮（正丁醇萃取物效果最佳）
抗病毒	大豆苷元（减少炎症因子，缓解肺水肿，降低MPO活性）
抗抑郁	GABA（“再闷”含量迅速增加）
调节肠道	大豆低聚糖（可与有益菌分泌的糖蛋白结合）

药理作用	对应活性成分
改善阿兹海默症（抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶）	淡豆豉异黄酮总苷元（总苷元>染料木素>黄豆苷元>黄豆黄素）
降血糖	淡豆豉异黄酮（表现：ISSP>淡豆豉>黑豆）
降血脂	异黄酮类成分（表现：ISSP>淡豆豉）
调控血管舒缩（抑制ACE活性）	GABA（与大豆苷元、染料木素无关）
抗骨质疏松	大豆苷元（炮制后苷元含量上升，糖苷含量则降低）
抗肿瘤	大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素等（炮制后含量升高）
抗氧化	淡豆豉异黄酮（正丁醇萃取物效果最佳）
抗病毒	大豆苷元（减少炎症因子，缓解肺水肿，降低MPO活性）
抗抑郁	GABA（“再闷”含量迅速增加）
调节肠道	大豆低聚糖（可与有益菌分泌的糖蛋白结合）

淡豆豉活性成分与药理作用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Effects of Fermented Soybean Paste

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