金耳活性成分研究与应用开发现状

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0118

生物技术进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 773-781.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0118

金耳活性成分研究与应用开发现状

朱子墨¹(), 刘麟然², 胡宇航¹, 李洁³, 朱卫杰⁴, 朱龙佼¹, 许文涛¹()

^1.中国农业大学营养与健康系，北京 100083
^2.北京农学院食品科学与工程学院，北京 102206
^3.中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院，北京 100083
^4.安徽金耳生物科技有限公司，安徽阜阳 236500

收稿日期:2025-08-15 接受日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-11-11
通讯作者: 许文涛
作者简介:朱子墨E-mail：zzm1010073529@163.com；
基金资助:
北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC01)

Current Status of Research and Application Development on Active Components of Naematelia aurantialba

Zimo ZHU¹(), Linran LIU², Yuhang HU¹, Jie LI³, Weijie ZHU⁴, Longjiao ZHU¹, Wentao XU¹()

^1.Department of Nutrition and Health，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100083，China
^2.Food Science and Engineering College，Beijing University of Agriculture，Beijing 102206，China
^3.College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100083，China
^4.Anhui Jin'er Biotechnology Co. ，Ltd. ，Anhui Fuyang 236500，China

Received:2025-08-15 Accepted:2025-09-03 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-11-11
Contact: Wentao XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

金耳（Naematelia aurantialba）作为我国珍贵的药食同源真菌，富含多糖、氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质等成分，具有抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、免疫调节、抗炎、抗凝血和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性，在食品、医药领域具有重要的开发价值。系统梳理了金耳的生物活性成分、影响其活性成分形成与作用的关键因素，以及当前加工与产品开发的现状，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在为金耳的深度利用提供参考。

关键词: 金耳, 活性成分, 金耳多糖, 药食同源

Abstract:

Naematelia aurantialba （formerly Tremella aurantialba）， as a prized medicinal and edible fungus in China， is rich in various bioactive components， such as polysaccharides， amino acids， proteins， vitamins， and minerals. It exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities， including antioxidant， hypoglycemic， hypolipidemic， immunomodulatory， anti-inflammatory， anticoagulant， and antitumor effects， underscoring its significant potential for development in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review systematically compiled the bioactive components of N. aurantialba， the key factors influencing the biosynthesis and efficacy of these components， and the current status of its processing and product development. Future research directions were also discussed to provide insights for the further exploitation and utilization of this valuable resource.

Key words: Naematelia aurantialba, biological ingredients, polysaccharides, homology of medicine and food

中图分类号:

Q914.83

朱子墨, 刘麟然, 胡宇航, 李洁, 朱卫杰, 朱龙佼, 许文涛. 金耳活性成分研究与应用开发现状[J]. 生物技术进展, 2025, 15(5): 773-781.

Zimo ZHU, Linran LIU, Yuhang HU, Jie LI, Weijie ZHU, Longjiao ZHU, Wentao XU. Current Status of Research and Application Development on Active Components of Naematelia aurantialba[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(5): 773-781.

图/表 1

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来源	命名	特征	提取方式	糖单元	糖苷键	提取率	纯化方法	文献来源
子实体	NAP	酸性杂多糖	超声提取	甘露糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=59.04∶23.89∶14.07∶2.12∶0.76	β-糖苷键	48.68%±0.83%	酶解法、Sevag 法、柱层析、透析	[18]
子实体	NAP-3	酸性杂多糖	酶辅助热水提取	D-甘露糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D- 木糖∶D-葡萄糖=67.39∶7.87∶22.91∶1.83	β-1,3-D-Manp、β-1,2,3-D-Manp、β-D-Xylp、β-1,4-D-Glcp、β-1,4-D-Rhap	24.95%±0.15%	阴离子交换柱层析、凝胶柱层析	[19]
子实体	TAPB1	酸性杂多糖	热水提取	D-甘露糖∶D-木糖∶D-葡萄糖醛酸=3.1∶2.9∶1.2，含微量的D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖和D-半乳糖醛酸	主链由α-(1→3）糖苷键构成	/	超滤、离子交换柱层析、凝胶柱层析	[20]
子实体	TAP	酸性杂多糖	分步乙醇、热水提取	甘露糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=4∶2∶1∶0.3	/	3.63%	分步乙醇沉淀、透析、凝胶色谱、亲和色谱、阴离子交换色谱	[21]
发酵液	FTAP	中性多糖	热水提取、醇沉	/	/	15.5%	Sevage法、透析、醇沉、阳离子树脂柱层析、凝胶柱层析	[22]
菌丝体	MCP	/	碱溶提取、酸中和、醇沉	D-葡萄糖∶D-半乳糖∶D-甘露糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D-阿拉伯糖∶D-木糖=111.0∶13.4∶6.1∶1.8∶1.0∶1.8	β-糖苷键	/	Sevage法、凝胶渗透色谱、透析	[23]

来源	命名	特征	提取方式	糖单元	糖苷键	提取率	纯化方法	文献来源
子实体	NAP	酸性杂多糖	超声提取	甘露糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=59.04∶23.89∶14.07∶2.12∶0.76	β-糖苷键	48.68%±0.83%	酶解法、Sevag 法、柱层析、透析	[18]
子实体	NAP-3	酸性杂多糖	酶辅助热水提取	D-甘露糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D- 木糖∶D-葡萄糖=67.39∶7.87∶22.91∶1.83	β-1,3-D-Manp、β-1,2,3-D-Manp、β-D-Xylp、β-1,4-D-Glcp、β-1,4-D-Rhap	24.95%±0.15%	阴离子交换柱层析、凝胶柱层析	[19]
子实体	TAPB1	酸性杂多糖	热水提取	D-甘露糖∶D-木糖∶D-葡萄糖醛酸=3.1∶2.9∶1.2，含微量的D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖和D-半乳糖醛酸	主链由α-(1→3）糖苷键构成	/	超滤、离子交换柱层析、凝胶柱层析	[20]
子实体	TAP	酸性杂多糖	分步乙醇、热水提取	甘露糖∶木糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=4∶2∶1∶0.3	/	3.63%	分步乙醇沉淀、透析、凝胶色谱、亲和色谱、阴离子交换色谱	[21]
发酵液	FTAP	中性多糖	热水提取、醇沉	/	/	15.5%	Sevage法、透析、醇沉、阳离子树脂柱层析、凝胶柱层析	[22]
菌丝体	MCP	/	碱溶提取、酸中和、醇沉	D-葡萄糖∶D-半乳糖∶D-甘露糖∶D-鼠李糖∶D-阿拉伯糖∶D-木糖=111.0∶13.4∶6.1∶1.8∶1.0∶1.8	β-糖苷键	/	Sevage法、凝胶渗透色谱、透析	[23]

金耳活性成分研究与应用开发现状

Current Status of Research and Application Development on Active Components of Naematelia aurantialba

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