五味子中化学成分对肿瘤微环境的影响

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0020

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 626-637.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0020

五味子中化学成分对肿瘤微环境的影响

王少康()

哈尔滨商业大学药物工程技术研究中心，哈尔滨 150076

收稿日期:2026-01-30 接受日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
作者简介:王少康 E-mail: 2943955130@qq.com
基金资助:
黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z24020);哈尔滨商业大学博士科研支持计划(24BQ31)

Effects of Chemical Constituents in Schisandra chinensis on Tumor Microenvironment

Shaokang WANG()

Drug Engineering Technology Research Center，Harbin University of Commerce，Harbin 150076，China

Received:2026-01-30 Accepted:2026-03-31 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment，TME)是由肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞、血管及细胞外基质等共同构成的复杂环境，对肿瘤的发生、发展和转移产生关键影响。五味子作为传统中药材，含有木脂素、多糖、挥发油、有机酸、萜类及黄酮类等化学成分，其中木脂素和多糖是主要活性成分，可通过调控肿瘤细胞生长凋亡、调节免疫细胞功能、抑制血管生成、影响细胞外基质等多途径影响TME，发挥抗肿瘤作用。重点综述了五味子活性成分调节TME的作用机制与研究进展，旨在为五味子抗肿瘤药物研发、中医药靶向TME的策略制定及临床实践提供理论依据与方向指引。

关键词: 五味子, 化学成分, 肿瘤微环境

Abstract:

Tumor microenvironment （TME） is a complex and dynamic system composed of tumor cells， immune cells， blood vessels， extracellular matrix， and various other components， playing a pivotal role in tumor initiation， progression， and metastasis. Schisandra chinensis， a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb， contains diverse bioactive constituents such as lignans， polysaccharides， volatile oils， organic acids， terpenoids， and flavonoids. Among these， lignans and polysaccharides are recognized as the primary active components， capable of modulating the TME through multiple mechanisms—including the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis， modulation of immune cell activity， inhibition of angiogenesis， and remodeling of the extracellular matrix—ultimately contributing to antitumor effects. This article systematically reviewed the current understanding of how the active components of Schisandra chinensis influence TME， with the aim of providing a solid theoretical foundation and strategic guidance for the development of Schisandra-based antitumor agents， the design of TME-targeted therapeutic strategies in traditional Chinese medicine， and their translation into clinical practice.

Key words: Schisandra chinensis, chemical constituents, tumor microenvironment

中图分类号:

Q946

王少康. 五味子中化学成分对肿瘤微环境的影响[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(3): 626-637.

Shaokang WANG. Effects of Chemical Constituents in Schisandra chinensis on Tumor Microenvironment[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(3): 626-637.

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链接本文: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0020

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I3/626

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肿瘤类型	木脂素类	涉及增殖与凋亡信号通路和蛋白	参考文献
胶质瘤	五味子乙素、五味子丙素	阻断磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/细胞外信号调节激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated kinase，PI3K/Akt/ERK）信号通路；Bax、Caspase-3表达上调，Bcl-2表达下调	[30-31]
胃癌	五味子乙素、五味子丙素	Bax、Caspase-3表达上调，Bcl-2表达下调，抑制信号转导与转录激活因子（signal transducer and activator of transcription 3，STAT3）磷酸化；裂解的多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶表达上调，下调Bcl-2表达；下调丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/STAT3/核因子κB（mitogen-activated protein kinase/STAT3/nuclear factor-κappa B，MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB）通路；激活活性氧/c-Jun氨基末端激酶（reactive oxygen species/c-Jun N-terminal kinase，ROS/JNK）和抑制核因子E2相关因子2（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，Nrf2）信号通路	[32-35]
肝癌	五味子乙素、五味子酚、戈米辛N、戈米辛G	p-p38和p-JNK表达上调；激活铁死亡通路；抑制STAT3通路靶向程序性死亡受体1（programmed death 1，PD-1）;抑制PI3K-Akt通路并调节雷帕霉素机械靶蛋白-自噬相关蛋白激酶1（mechanistic target of rapamycin-unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1，mTOR-ULK1）通路诱导自噬;抑制Akt通路，下调Cyclin D1和Bcl-2的表达	[36-39]
胰腺癌	五味子乙素、五味子甲素	p27、Bax、裂解的多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶、Caspase-3表达上调；Bcl-2、周期蛋白A2、周期蛋白E2表达下调；阻断表皮生长因子受体/酪氨酸蛋白激酶Src（epidermal growth factor receptor/src proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase，EGFR/SRC）信号通路；抑制NF-κB蛋白表达及核转位	[40-43]
肺癌	五味子乙素、五味子酯乙、五味子酯甲、戈米辛A	Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达上调，阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路；抑制P糖蛋白外排功能，P糖蛋白过表达下调；抑制CCAT1基因	[44-47]
乳腺癌	五味子乙素、五味子甲素、戈米辛J	抑制Notch-1信号通路；抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路；CHOP、GPR78、p-eIF2α表达上调，抑制STAT3信号通路；P糖蛋白、线粒体RNA加工酶1表达下调，Bax、Caspase-3表达上调， Bcl-2表达下调；抑制Wnt /内质网应激信号通路；抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路诱导自噬	[48-53]
鼻咽癌	五味子甲素	阻断PI3K/Akt/ERK信号通路	[54]
前列腺癌	五味子甲素	上调miR-505-3p表达，下调SMAD2和SMAD3，抑制TGF-β通路激活；ROS介导的内质网应激和JNK/MAPK信号通路	[55-56]
结肠癌	五味子乙素、戈米辛A	抑制血管内皮生长因子/PI3K/Akt（vascular endothelial growth factor/PI3K/Akt，VEGF/PI3K/Akt）信号通路；抑制p38-MAPK信号通路；激活AMPK/p38	[57-59]
黑色素瘤	五味子乙素、戈米辛A	抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路；激活AMPK、ERK 和 JNK信号通路	[60-61]

肿瘤类型	木脂素类	涉及增殖与凋亡信号通路和蛋白	参考文献
胶质瘤	五味子乙素、五味子丙素	阻断磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/细胞外信号调节激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated kinase，PI3K/Akt/ERK）信号通路；Bax、Caspase-3表达上调，Bcl-2表达下调	[30-31]
胃癌	五味子乙素、五味子丙素	Bax、Caspase-3表达上调，Bcl-2表达下调，抑制信号转导与转录激活因子（signal transducer and activator of transcription 3，STAT3）磷酸化；裂解的多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶表达上调，下调Bcl-2表达；下调丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/STAT3/核因子κB（mitogen-activated protein kinase/STAT3/nuclear factor-κappa B，MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB）通路；激活活性氧/c-Jun氨基末端激酶（reactive oxygen species/c-Jun N-terminal kinase，ROS/JNK）和抑制核因子E2相关因子2（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，Nrf2）信号通路	[32-35]
肝癌	五味子乙素、五味子酚、戈米辛N、戈米辛G	p-p38和p-JNK表达上调；激活铁死亡通路；抑制STAT3通路靶向程序性死亡受体1（programmed death 1，PD-1）;抑制PI3K-Akt通路并调节雷帕霉素机械靶蛋白-自噬相关蛋白激酶1（mechanistic target of rapamycin-unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1，mTOR-ULK1）通路诱导自噬;抑制Akt通路，下调Cyclin D1和Bcl-2的表达	[36-39]
胰腺癌	五味子乙素、五味子甲素	p27、Bax、裂解的多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶、Caspase-3表达上调；Bcl-2、周期蛋白A2、周期蛋白E2表达下调；阻断表皮生长因子受体/酪氨酸蛋白激酶Src（epidermal growth factor receptor/src proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase，EGFR/SRC）信号通路；抑制NF-κB蛋白表达及核转位	[40-43]
肺癌	五味子乙素、五味子酯乙、五味子酯甲、戈米辛A	Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达上调，阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路；抑制P糖蛋白外排功能，P糖蛋白过表达下调；抑制CCAT1基因	[44-47]
乳腺癌	五味子乙素、五味子甲素、戈米辛J	抑制Notch-1信号通路；抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路；CHOP、GPR78、p-eIF2α表达上调，抑制STAT3信号通路；P糖蛋白、线粒体RNA加工酶1表达下调，Bax、Caspase-3表达上调， Bcl-2表达下调；抑制Wnt /内质网应激信号通路；抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路诱导自噬	[48-53]
鼻咽癌	五味子甲素	阻断PI3K/Akt/ERK信号通路	[54]
前列腺癌	五味子甲素	上调miR-505-3p表达，下调SMAD2和SMAD3，抑制TGF-β通路激活；ROS介导的内质网应激和JNK/MAPK信号通路	[55-56]
结肠癌	五味子乙素、戈米辛A	抑制血管内皮生长因子/PI3K/Akt（vascular endothelial growth factor/PI3K/Akt，VEGF/PI3K/Akt）信号通路；抑制p38-MAPK信号通路；激活AMPK/p38	[57-59]
黑色素瘤	五味子乙素、戈米辛A	抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路；激活AMPK、ERK 和 JNK信号通路	[60-61]

作用类别	药理作用	目标细胞/模型	机制	参考文献
增殖与凋亡	抑制增殖和侵袭，诱导凋亡	人结肠癌HT-29细胞	下调Bcl-2表达、上调Bax和Caspase-3表达，激活凋亡通路	[70]
	抑制增殖并诱导凋亡	宫颈癌Hela细胞	抑制ERK磷酸化及其信号通路	[71]
		人胃癌细胞HGC27	抑制DUSP4/ERK信号通路	[72]
		肝癌细胞HepG2	阻断细胞周期G2/M期，上调Caspase-9和Caspase-3表达，提高Bax/Bcl-2比例和细胞色素C水平，抑制HSP90/AKT信号通路，引起线粒体凋亡	[73]
免疫激活	激活巨噬细胞，提升抗肿瘤免疫力	巨噬细胞	通过TLR-4受体介导，上调NO和TNF-α的产生，促进TAMs的抗肿瘤活性	[74]
	刺激免疫反应，抑制肿瘤生长	L5178Y淋巴瘤细胞	提高血清中TNF-α的分泌水平，刺激TAMs抑制细胞生长	[75]
	激活巨噬细胞，达到抗肿瘤作用	巨噬细胞	激活TLR4信号通路，促进巨噬细胞活化	[76]
血管生成调控	抑制血管生成、增殖及诱导凋亡	人肾癌细胞	可能与ERK通路有关	[77-78]
血管生成调控	抑制肿瘤血管生成和细胞生长	胶质瘤SHG-44细胞	抑制VEGF分泌，促进Caspase-8产生	[79]

作用类别	药理作用	目标细胞/模型	机制	参考文献
增殖与凋亡	抑制增殖和侵袭，诱导凋亡	人结肠癌HT-29细胞	下调Bcl-2表达、上调Bax和Caspase-3表达，激活凋亡通路	[70]
	抑制增殖并诱导凋亡	宫颈癌Hela细胞	抑制ERK磷酸化及其信号通路	[71]
		人胃癌细胞HGC27	抑制DUSP4/ERK信号通路	[72]
		肝癌细胞HepG2	阻断细胞周期G2/M期，上调Caspase-9和Caspase-3表达，提高Bax/Bcl-2比例和细胞色素C水平，抑制HSP90/AKT信号通路，引起线粒体凋亡	[73]
免疫激活	激活巨噬细胞，提升抗肿瘤免疫力	巨噬细胞	通过TLR-4受体介导，上调NO和TNF-α的产生，促进TAMs的抗肿瘤活性	[74]
	刺激免疫反应，抑制肿瘤生长	L5178Y淋巴瘤细胞	提高血清中TNF-α的分泌水平，刺激TAMs抑制细胞生长	[75]
	激活巨噬细胞，达到抗肿瘤作用	巨噬细胞	激活TLR4信号通路，促进巨噬细胞活化	[76]
血管生成调控	抑制血管生成、增殖及诱导凋亡	人肾癌细胞	可能与ERK通路有关	[77-78]
血管生成调控	抑制肿瘤血管生成和细胞生长	胶质瘤SHG-44细胞	抑制VEGF分泌，促进Caspase-8产生	[79]

五味子中化学成分对肿瘤微环境的影响

Effects of Chemical Constituents in Schisandra chinensis on Tumor Microenvironment

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