微针技术及其介导昆虫核酸分子递送研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0185

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 225-232.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0185

• 进展评述 • 上一篇

微针技术及其介导昆虫核酸分子递送研究进展

袁霜霜(), 张苏芳()

中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所，国家林草局森林保护学重点实验室，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-12-20 接受日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-27
通讯作者: 张苏芳
作者简介:袁霜霜 E-mail: yss2090548417@163.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371895);国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFC2609105)

Research Progress on Micro-needle Technology and its Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery in Insects

Shuangshuang YUAN(), Sufang ZHANG()

Key Laboratory of Forest Protection，State Forestry Administration，Research Institute of Forest Ecology，Environment and Protection，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2025-12-20 Accepted:2026-01-26 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-27
Contact: Sufang ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微针（microneedles, MNs）技术作为先进的微创药物递送平台，在生物医学领域广泛应用于药物、疫苗及生物大分子的透皮输送。近年来，以成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列/CRISPR 相关蛋白 9（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9, CRISPR/Cas9）基因编辑和RNA干扰（RNA interference, RNAi）为代表的现代分子技术，为农业害虫的绿色防控研究提供了革命性的工具，传统显微注射法操作繁琐、通量低且易对虫卵造成损伤；而饲喂法则受限于昆虫消化道的多重生理与酶解屏障，导致外源 dsRNA 难以被有效摄取并进入血液循环，递送效率低且不稳定。因此，将已在医学领域应用成熟的微针技术（其核心为微米级针尖阵列）引入昆虫分子学研究，为解决这一递送难题提供了创新思路。首次系统探讨了微针技术在昆虫分子递送中的应用潜力，重点阐述了适用于昆虫体系的微针类型、关键生物相容性材料及其性能，并深入分析了该跨界应用所面临的主要机遇与挑战，旨在为开发下一代高效、精准的害虫分子防控策略提供新的技术视角和理论参考。

关键词: 微针技术, 昆虫, 核酸分子递送, 害虫防治, 生物材料

Abstract:

Micro-needle technology， as an advanced minimally invasive drug delivery platform， has been extensively applied in biomedical research for the transdermal delivery of pharmaceuticals， vaccines， and biological macromolecules. In recent years， modern molecular techniques represented by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 （CRISPR/Cas9） gene editing and RNA interference （RNAi） have provided revolutionary tools for the research on green prevention and control of agricultural pests. Conventional microinjection methods are cumbersome to operate， low in throughput， and prone to cause damage to insect eggs； while the feeding method is limited by multiple physiological and enzymatic degradation barriers in the insect digestive tract， resulting in difficulty in effective uptake of exogenous dsRNA into the blood circulation， with low and unstable delivery efficiency. In view of this， introducing the mature micro-needle technology （whose core is a micron-scale needle tip array） from the medical field into insect molecular research provides an innovative idea to solve this delivery dilemma. This review systematically explored the application potential of micro-needle technology in insect molecular delivery for the first time， focused on elaborating the types of micro-needles suitable for insect systems， key biocompatible materials and their properties， and deeply analyzed the main opportunities and challenges faced by this interdisciplinary application. The purpose is to provide a new technical perspective and theoretical reference for the development of the next generation of efficient and precise molecular pest control strategies.

Key words: micro-needle technology, insect, nucleic acid delivery, pest management, biomaterials

中图分类号:

Q819

袁霜霜, 张苏芳. 微针技术及其介导昆虫核酸分子递送研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(2): 225-232.

Shuangshuang YUAN, Sufang ZHANG. Research Progress on Micro-needle Technology and its Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery in Insects[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(2): 225-232.

图/表 1

参考文献 67

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类型	材料	载药/释放机制	潜在昆虫应用优势	潜在挑战
固体微针^[20-22]	金属、硅、聚合物	先穿刺形成微通道后在表面施用药物	制备简单，机械强度高，适用于破坏坚韧角质层	给药剂量精度低、步骤繁琐
涂层微针^[23-25]	金属、聚合物	针体表面包裹药物涂层穿刺后，涂层在组织液中溶解释放	可实现快速释药，工艺相对成熟	载药量有限，涂层可能在穿刺前磨损
可溶解微针^[26-29]	可生物降解聚合物	针体本身由载药基质构成穿刺后整体溶解于组织液释放药物	高载药量，无需锐器回收，释放速率可通过材料调控	机械强度需平衡，对潮湿环境敏感
中空微针^[30-34]	金属、硅、玻璃	针体内部有腔道，通过压力或毛细作用输送液体药物	可实现大剂量、快速注射，输送速率可控	结构复杂易堵塞，制造成本较高

类型	材料	载药/释放机制	潜在昆虫应用优势	潜在挑战
固体微针^[20-22]	金属、硅、聚合物	先穿刺形成微通道后在表面施用药物	制备简单，机械强度高，适用于破坏坚韧角质层	给药剂量精度低、步骤繁琐
涂层微针^[23-25]	金属、聚合物	针体表面包裹药物涂层穿刺后，涂层在组织液中溶解释放	可实现快速释药，工艺相对成熟	载药量有限，涂层可能在穿刺前磨损
可溶解微针^[26-29]	可生物降解聚合物	针体本身由载药基质构成穿刺后整体溶解于组织液释放药物	高载药量，无需锐器回收，释放速率可通过材料调控	机械强度需平衡，对潮湿环境敏感
中空微针^[30-34]	金属、硅、玻璃	针体内部有腔道，通过压力或毛细作用输送液体药物	可实现大剂量、快速注射，输送速率可控	结构复杂易堵塞，制造成本较高

微针技术及其介导昆虫核酸分子递送研究进展

Research Progress on Micro-needle Technology and its Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery in Insects

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