生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 242-253.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0178

• 进展评述 • 上一篇    

木质纤维素降解真菌及其相关酶研究进展

汤山1(), 李思宇1, 丁楠2, 于宛玉1, 柳洪良3, 王馨悦1, 黄世臣1(), 傅民杰4()   

  1. 1.延边大学地理与海洋科学学院,吉林 珲春 133300
    2.大连理工大学化工学院,辽宁 大连 116024
    3.延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院(延边特产研究所),吉林 龙井 133400
    4.延边大学农学院,吉林 延吉133002
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-15 接受日期:2026-01-28 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄世臣,傅民杰
  • 作者简介:汤山E-mail: m15543442201@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32460317);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD230010411)

Research Progress on Lignocellulose Degraded by Fungi and Their Enzymes

Shan TANG1(), Siyu LI1, Nan DING2, Wanyu YU1, Hongliang LIU3, Xinyue WANG1, Shichen HUANG1(), Minjie FU4()   

  1. 1.College of Geography and Ocean Science,Yanbian University,Jilin Hunchun 133300,China
    2.School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Liaoning Dalian 116024,China
    3.Yanbian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Yanbian Specialty Research Institute),Jilin Longjing 133400,China
    4.College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Jilin Yanji 133002,China
  • Received:2025-12-15 Accepted:2026-01-28 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-27
  • Contact: Shichen HUANG,Minjie FU

摘要:

木质纤维素作为地球上储量最丰富的可再生生物质资源,其高效转化是应对能源转型与“碳中和”目标的关键途径,但复杂致密的天然结构使其面临严重的抗降解性技术瓶颈。综述了参与木质纤维素降解真菌的种类及其相关酶系的研究进展。重点分析了白腐菌、褐腐菌和软腐菌等主要降解真菌的分类特征、降解机制及胞外酶系组成。系统阐述了木质素分解酶系(漆酶、过氧化物酶等)、半纤维素水解酶和纤维素酶(内/外切葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶)的催化特性及协同作用机制。特别探讨了新发现的裂解多糖单加氧酶在提高纤维素降解效率方面的突破性作用,及其与糖苷水解酶的协同效应。展望了真菌酶系统在生物质能源、造纸工业等领域的应用前景及面临的挑战,以期为木质纤维素资源的高效生物转化利用提供理论参考。

关键词: 木质纤维素, 真菌转化, 碳水化合物活性酶

Abstract:

As the most abundant renewable biomass resource on earth, lignocellulose's efficient conversion is a key approach to addressing energy transition and the "carbon neutrality" goal. However, its inherently complex and dense natural structure poses a severe technical bottleneck due to its recalcitrance to degradation. This review summarized the research progress on the species of fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation and their related enzyme systems. It focused on analyzing the classification characteristics, degradation mechanisms, and extracellular enzyme system compositions of major degrading fungi, such as white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, and soft-rot fungi. The catalytic properties and synergistic mechanisms of lignin-degrading enzyme systems (laccase, peroxidase, etc.), hemicellulases, and cellulases (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase) were systematically elaborated. The breakthrough role of the newly discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) in improving cellulose degradation efficiency and its synergistic effect with glycoside hydrolases were specifically discussed. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of fungal enzyme systems in fields such as biomass energy and the papermaking industry were prospected, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic resources.

Key words: lignocellulose, fungal transformation, carbohydrate-active enzymes

中图分类号: