Abstract:

Malignant tumors remain a significant challenge in global public health， posing severe threats to human health. While modern medicine has achieved remarkable advances in anticancer therapies， the development of novel antitumor drugs still faces challenges including high costs， long development cycles， and limited accessibility， particularly in resource-limited regions. Therefore， exploring cost-effective and potent antitumor agents is of paramount importance. Gentian violet （GV）， a traditional triarylmethane dye， has been widely used historically for tissue staining， antibacterial， and antifungal treatments. Recent studies have revealed that GV exhibits prominent antitumor activity through the modulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways. Notably， GV demonstrates inhibitory effects against diverse malignancies， including lymphoma， hepatocellular carcinoma， melanoma， breast cancer， ovarian cancer， colorectal cancer， and glioma. Owing to its advantages such as low drug resistance， minimal toxicity， affordability， and reduced regulatory barriers， GV has emerged as a promising candidate for drug repurposing strategies in oncology. This review comprehensively examined the antitumor effects of GV and its underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a scientific foundation for future mechanistic investigations and clinical translation.

Key words: gentian violet, tumor, cell proliferation and apoptosis

摘要：

恶性肿瘤是全球公共卫生领域的重大挑战，严重威胁着人类健康。尽管现代医学在肿瘤治疗方面取得了显著进展，但新型抗肿瘤药物的研发仍面临高成本、长周期及可及性问题，尤其在经济欠发达地区更为突出。因此，探索价格低廉且高效的抗肿瘤药物具有重要意义。结晶紫（gentian violet, GV）是一种传统的三芳基甲烷染料，早期被广泛用于组织染色、抗菌和抗真菌治疗。近年来，研究发现GV具有显著的抗肿瘤活性，其作用机制涉及多条细胞信号通路。此外，GV在多种肿瘤类型中均表现出抑制作用，包括淋巴瘤、肝癌、黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌及胶质瘤等。GV因其低耐药性、低毒性、低成本及药物监管要求较少等优势，成为“老药新用”策略下具有潜在应用价值的抗肿瘤药物。总结了GV的抗肿瘤作用及其潜在机制，重点介绍了其对T细胞淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤、肝癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胶质瘤等多种肿瘤的抑制作用及可能的分子机制，以期为未来的基础机制研究和临床应用提供科学依据。

关键词: 结晶紫, 肿瘤, 细胞增殖与凋亡