Abstract:

Tendon injury is one of the most common symptoms in trauma surgery， which is mainly treated by surgical suturing in clinic. However， surgical treatment remains complications of re-reputure and adhesion formation after operation. In recent years， multiple nucleic acid drugs based on RNA interference （RNAi） have been on the market and gene therapy has received widespread attention. It is critical to choose a kind of suitable carrier to avoid the degradation of small interfering RNA （siRNA） and escape the endonucleases. Compared to the viral vectors that are prone to mutations， nanoparticles have higher safety and modifiability. This review systematically summarized the mechanism of action of siRNA， optimization strategies for gene therapy vectors， and their application progress in tendon repair， and looks forward to the potential of nanocarriers in clinical translation.

Key words: RNA interference, siRNA, gene therapy, tendon repair, nanoparticle

摘要：

肌腱损伤是创伤外科的常见病症之一，临床上主要采用手术缝合方式进行治疗，但是术后存在再次断裂和粘连形成的风险。近些年多款基于RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）的核酸药物上市，基因治疗受到广泛关注。然而，由于小干扰RNA（small interfering RNA，siRNA）药物易降解，体内存在核酸内切酶问题，载体的选择至关重要。相较于易导致突变的病毒载体，纳米载体具备更高的生物安全性和可修饰性。系统总结了siRNA的作用机制、基因治疗载体的优化策略及其在肌腱修复中的应用进展，并展望了纳米载体在临床转化中的潜力，以期为肌腱损伤的治疗提供参考。

关键词: RNA干扰, 小干扰RNA, 基因治疗, 肌腱修复, 纳米颗粒