Abstract:

Skeletal muscle has a high degree of plasticity， which can be changed according to the functional needs. Decreased or discontinued activity usually leads to muscle atrophy and metabolic dysfunction. The loss of skeletal muscle mass due to a dramatic decrease in muscle load and inhibition of nerve activation is commonly referred as disuse muscle atrophy. The contractile activity， high oxygen consumption and metabolism of skeletal muscle enable it to continuously produce appropriate amounts of oxidizing substances， such as reactive oxygen species（ROS）. When the oxidation products exceed the antioxidant defense ability， the body will enter a state of oxidative stress. During long-term skeletal muscle discontinuation， oxidative stress promotes skeletal muscle atrophy by increasing the degradation of protein in at least three ways， or by inhibiting mRNA translation and inhibiting protein synthesis at the initial level. With the rapid development of space industry in China， disuse muscle atrophy in weightlessness is also an urgent problem to be solved in space medicine. The specific purpose of this study was to outline disuse muscle atrophy and the role of oxidative stress in disuse muscle atrophy， in order to provide valuable reference for the clinical treatment and practice of disuse muscle atrophy.

Key words: disuse muscular atrophy, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, protein degradation

摘要：

骨骼肌具有高度可塑性，可根据功能需求发生改变。活动水平的降低或停用，通常会导致肌萎缩和代谢功能障碍。因肌肉负荷急剧下降和神经激活受到抑制而导致的骨骼肌质量损失，通常被称为废用性肌萎缩。骨骼肌的收缩活性、高耗氧量和代谢使其持续产生适量的氧化物质，如活性氧(reactive oxygen species，ROS)。当氧化产物超过抗氧化防御能力时，机体就会进入氧化应激状态。在骨骼肌长期停用期间，氧化应激至少通过3种方式增加蛋白质的降解，或在起始水平阻碍mRNA翻译抑制蛋白质合成，从而促进骨骼肌萎缩。随着我国航天事业的迅速发展，失重状态下的废用性肌萎缩也是航天医学亟待解决的问题。概述了废用性肌萎缩以及氧化应激在废用性肌萎缩中的作用，以期为废用性肌萎缩的临床治疗与实践提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 废用性肌萎缩, 氧化应激, 活性氧, 蛋白质降解