Abstract:

Functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogel is a kind of new flexible material which is self-assembled by chemical reaction or physical entanglement using DNA as building unit. And its building unit contains one or more specific sequences which are capable of forming functional nucleic acid. Functional nucleic acid is a kind of specific nucleic acid structure combined by base modification and interaction force between DNA molecules, including nucleic acid aptamer, DNAzymes, G-quadruplex (G4) and i-motif structures, etc. Traditionally, long DNA strands with high concentration are necessary conditions for the preparation of DNA hydrogels. But the introduction of nucleic acid amplification methods provides new possibilities for the assembly of DNA hydrogels. Therefore, various functional nucleic acids commonly used in the preparation of DNA hydrogels and methods of extraction, synthesis and amplification of nucleic acids were introduced in detail. On this basis, the preparation methods of functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogels assembled by chemical or physical crosslinking were reviewed. Finally, the challenges and potential development directions of DNA nanomaterial assembly were proposed in order to provide references for the development of functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogels with high efficiency assembly.

Key words: functional nucleic acid, DNA hydrogel, self-assembly, nucleic acid adapter, enzymatic reaction

摘要：

功能核酸DNA水凝胶是一种以DNA为构建单元通过化学反应或物理缠结自组装而成的新型柔性材料，其构建单元中包含1种或多种能够形成功能核酸的特定序列。功能核酸是通过碱基修饰和DNA分子之间的相互作用力组合的一类特定核酸结构，包括核酸适配体、DNA核酶、G-四联体（G-quadruplex，G4）和i-motif结构等。传统上，高浓度的长DNA链是制备DNA水凝胶的必要条件，而核酸扩增方法的引入为DNA水凝胶的组装方式提供了新的可能。因此，对常用于制备DNA水凝胶的多种功能核酸以及核酸的提取、合成和扩增手段进行了详细的介绍。在此基础上，综述了通过化学或物理交联方式组装功能核酸DNA水凝胶的制备方法。最后，提出了DNA纳米材料的组装所面临的挑战和潜在的发展方向，以期为开发高效组装的功能核酸DNA水凝胶提供参考。

关键词: 功能核酸, DNA水凝胶, 自组装, 核酸适配体, 酶促反应