Abstract: Along with the globally increasing eutrophication in waterbody, the frequency and extent of cyanobacterial blooms are overwhelmingly increasing, which has become one of the most serious environmental hazards. In particular, blooms caused by Microcystis frequently occur in some large lakes in China, imposing severe harm to ecosystem and human beings. In this study, chemical structure and damage of Microcystins are summarized; biosynthesis of microcystins is reviewed focusing on the mcy gene cluster, formation of Adda, and peptide chain cyclization; molecular biology techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (QPCR), gene microarray, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are introduced. Finally, further perspective is also put forward.

Key words: cyanobacteria bloom, microcystins, biosynthesis, mcy gene cluster, molecular biology

摘要： 随着世界各地水体富营养化的日益加剧,蓝藻水华的爆发频率越来越高,爆发范围也越来越广,已经成为国内外学者高度关注的重大环境问题。微囊藻水华是淡水水体中危害最严重的一类,特别是在我国巢湖、太湖和滇池等大型湖泊,经常爆发微囊藻水华,给水体生态系统和人类健康带来了巨大的危害。本文简介了微囊藻毒素的化学结构与危害,综述了微囊藻毒素mcy基因簇、Adda生物活性结构以及肽链合成与环化等关键生物合成过程,并重点归纳了聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时定量PCR(realtime quantitative PCR detecting system,QPCR)、基因芯片(gene microarray)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)等用于藻毒素检测的分子生物学技术方法,最后对相关研究进行了展望。

关键词: 蓝藻水华, 微囊藻毒素, 生物合成, mcy基因簇, 分子生物学