Application Progress of Biosensors Based on Field-effect Transistors in Nucleic Acid Detection

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0204

Current Biotechnology ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (4): 597-605.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2024.0204

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Application Progress of Biosensors Based on Field-effect Transistors in Nucleic Acid Detection

Yue SHI¹^,²(), Yao HAN², Hao LI², Yansong SUN¹^,²()

^1.College of Public Health，Mudanjiang Medical University，Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 157011，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity，Academy of Military Medical Sciences，Beijing 100071，China

Received:2024-12-23 Accepted:2025-03-05 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-09-08
Contact: Yansong SUN

场效应晶体管生物传感器在核酸检测中的应用进展

施玥¹^,²(), 韩尧², 李浩², 孙岩松¹^,²()

^1.牡丹江医科大学公共卫生学院，黑龙江牡丹江 157011
^2.军事科学院军事医学研究院，病原微生物生物安全全国重点实验室，北京 100071

通讯作者: 孙岩松
作者简介:施玥E-mail: shiyoo22@163.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2605100)

Abstract

Abstract:

The field-effect transistor （FET） biosensor is a type of sensor based on the principle of detecting biomolecules or biomarkers. Due to the signal amplification characteristics of its electric field effect， it enables the detection of biomolecular interactions at extremely low concentrations， further enabling biomolecular recognition. In the field of nucleic acid detection， this approach offers the unique advantage of eliminating the need for nucleic acid amplification， resulting in shorter detection times. Additionally， FET biosensors also excel in nucleic acid detection performance， portability， and cost-effectiveness. Overall， FET biosensors can achieve ultra-rapid and ultra-sensitive targeted identification of viral genes. Combined with microfluidic technology， nanomaterials， or flexible electronic materials， they hold significant promise for application in food safety， clinical diagnosis， genotyping， biosafety， and other fields. To facilitate the better application of FET sensors in biological detection， this review summarized the current applications of FET biosensors in nucleic acid detection and provided a classification and discussion based on the biological recognition layer， aiming to offer insights for future research in this area.

Key words: field-effect transistors, nucleic acid, biosensors

摘要：

场效应晶体管生物传感器是一种基于场效应晶体管原理检测生物分子或生物标志物的传感器，由于其电场效应的信号放大特性可以检测到极低浓度的生物分子相互作用，进一步实现生物分子识别，在核酸检测领域具有无需核酸扩增的独特优势，核酸检测时间更短。此外，场效应晶体管生物传感器在核酸检测性能、便携性和成本效益等方面也有优势。总体而言，场效应晶体管生物传感器可实现超快速、超高灵敏度的病毒基因靶向识别，其结合微流控技术、纳米材料、柔性电子材料等，在食品安全、临床诊断、基因分型、生物安全等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。为了更好地将场效应晶体管传感器应用于生物检测领域，回顾了场效应晶体管生物传感器在核酸检测中的应用，从生物识别层方面对场效应晶体管生物传感器进行了分类讨论，以期为场效应晶体管生物传感器在核酸检测中的应用研究提供参考。

关键词: 场效应晶体管, 核酸检测, 传感器

CLC Number:

Yue SHI, Yao HAN, Hao LI, Yansong SUN. Application Progress of Biosensors Based on Field-effect Transistors in Nucleic Acid Detection[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(4): 597-605.

施玥, 韩尧, 李浩, 孙岩松. 场效应晶体管生物传感器在核酸检测中的应用进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2025, 15(4): 597-605.

Figures/Tables 3

References 44

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FET传感器探针类型		靶标类型	样本前处理	检测时间	检测限	参考文献
DNA	y形DNA双探针	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	模拟唾液样本	1 min	0.03 copy·μL^-1	[12]
	三茎结构DNA探针	SARS-CoV-2变异株RNA	模拟咽拭子样本	15 min	0.03 copy·μL^-1	[13]
	四面体DNA纳米结构探针	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	加热释放核酸	80 s	0.02 copy·μL^-1	[14]
	四面体 DNA结构三探针	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	50℃加热20 min	5 min	0.025 copy·μL^-1	[15]
核酸适配体	核酸适配体+ssDNA	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	15 min快速提取咽拭子样本核酸	1 min	C_t >35	[16]
核酸适配体	核酸适配体	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	加热释放核酸	4 min	0.02 copy·μL^-1	[17]
核酸类似物	PMO	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	呼吸道样本 RNA提取试剂盒	2 min	2.29 fmol·L^-1	[18]
	PMO	DNA	/	5 min	6 fmol·L^-1	[19]
	PNA	microRNA	模拟血清样本	30 min	10 fmol·L^-1	[20]
报告RNA	报告RNA+crRNA	CoV ORF1ab、 CoV N、 HCV RNA	模拟唾液样本	30 min	25 amol·L^-1	[21]
	报告RNA+双crRNA	CoV ORF1ab、 CoV N RNA	模拟咽拭子样本	30 min	1.56 amol·L^-1	[22]
	报告RNA+crRNA	SARS-CoV-2 N RNA	95℃加热5 min	30 min	1 amol·L^-1	[23]

FET传感器探针类型		靶标类型	样本前处理	检测时间	检测限	参考文献
DNA	y形DNA双探针	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	模拟唾液样本	1 min	0.03 copy·μL^-1	[12]
	三茎结构DNA探针	SARS-CoV-2变异株RNA	模拟咽拭子样本	15 min	0.03 copy·μL^-1	[13]
	四面体DNA纳米结构探针	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	加热释放核酸	80 s	0.02 copy·μL^-1	[14]
	四面体 DNA结构三探针	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	50℃加热20 min	5 min	0.025 copy·μL^-1	[15]
核酸适配体	核酸适配体+ssDNA	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	15 min快速提取咽拭子样本核酸	1 min	C_t >35	[16]
核酸适配体	核酸适配体	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	加热释放核酸	4 min	0.02 copy·μL^-1	[17]
核酸类似物	PMO	SARS-CoV-2 RNA	呼吸道样本 RNA提取试剂盒	2 min	2.29 fmol·L^-1	[18]
	PMO	DNA	/	5 min	6 fmol·L^-1	[19]
	PNA	microRNA	模拟血清样本	30 min	10 fmol·L^-1	[20]
报告RNA	报告RNA+crRNA	CoV ORF1ab、 CoV N、 HCV RNA	模拟唾液样本	30 min	25 amol·L^-1	[21]
	报告RNA+双crRNA	CoV ORF1ab、 CoV N RNA	模拟咽拭子样本	30 min	1.56 amol·L^-1	[22]
	报告RNA+crRNA	SARS-CoV-2 N RNA	95℃加热5 min	30 min	1 amol·L^-1	[23]

Application Progress of Biosensors Based on Field-effect Transistors in Nucleic Acid Detection

场效应晶体管生物传感器在核酸检测中的应用进展

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