Abstract: Developing accurate and sensitive nucleotide quantification method to improve the detection capability for traceable nucleotide samples, is of great importance under the background of fighting against present COVID-19 epidemic. Flow cytometry counting for single nucleotide molecule is a type of numeration-based quantification method, which counts the copy number of target fluorescence labelled-nucleotide molecules without PCR amplification, tracing directly to international system of unit. As a potential primary metrological method, it is an important supplement for the present nucleotide quantification method, and could be widely applied for many fields, such as clinical diagnostics, genetic-modified organism labelling and detection of food & drug residues. Here the principal, hardware constitution of the apparatus, data analysis model were reviewed, and the significance to biometric standard system was also prospected.

Key words: metrology, flow cytometry, laser-induced fluorescence detection, digital PCR

摘要： 研发精确灵敏的核酸定量技术，提升对微量样本的测量能力，在当前抗击新冠疫情的背景下尤其重要。流式核酸单分子计数是一种基于“计数”技术的定量测量方法，该方法无需聚合酶链式反应而对荧光标记的靶分子直接定量，测量结果直接溯源到国际基本单位。作为潜在的基准计量方法，它是当前核酸定量测量技术的重要补充，可广泛应用于临床诊断、转基因标识、食品药品残留检测等多个领域。对流式核酸单分子计数方法的原理、检测体系的硬件组成以及数据分析模型进行了综述，并展望了该方法对构建生物计量标准体系的重要意义。

关键词: 计量学, 流式细胞术, 激光诱导荧光检测, 数字聚合酶链式反应