Abstract:

Clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a unique immune defense mechanism that widely existed in bacteria. It can effectively bind exogenous nucleic acid molecules when combined with special Cas protein, then cause fragmentation and further degradation of exogenous gene. Due to the special recognition property of the CRISPR-Cas system, it can be used for targeted editing of genomes through directional modification in vitro. The special targeting mechanism of CRISPR-Cas system provides a new concept for the development of nucleic acid-based biosensors. More and more researchers began establishing unique logic systems based on the nature of different kinds of Cas proteins, to achieve accurately the identification of target substances. Biosensors based on CRISPR technology had also opened up the application in other fields. This paper introduced the origin, mechanism and scientific classification of CRISPR-Cas system and classified the biosensors according to different mechanisms and identify substrates. Finally, we prospected for the application of efficient CRISPR based on biosensors.

Key words: CRISPR-Cas, gene editing, biosensor

摘要：

成簇规律间隔短回文序列（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR）系统是广泛存在于细菌中的一种特有的免疫防御机制，与特殊的Cas蛋白结合后能够有效的对外源的核酸分子进行特异性片段化，并进一步促进其降解。CRISPR-Cas系统具有独特的靶向性，为开发针对于核酸为底物的生物传感器提供了新的概念。越来越多的研究人员根据不同Cas蛋白的性质,建立了独特的逻辑系统对靶标物质进行准确识别，基于CRISPR技术的生物传感器也开拓了该技术在基因编辑以外领域的应用。介绍了CRISPR-Cas系统的起源、作用机制和科学分类，根据生物传感器的作用方式以及识别底物进行了分类，并对基于CRISPR-Cas系统的高效生物传感器的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: CRISPR-Cas, 基因编辑, 生物传感器