施氮量对‘云烟87’产量和质量形成及致香成分积累的影响

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0123

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 76-85.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0123

施氮量对‘云烟87’产量和质量形成及致香成分积累的影响

任晓春¹(), 刘欣¹, 韩莹¹, 端凯¹, 刘峰², 郝瑞丽³, 斯欢³, 黄应群⁴(), 夏建军¹()

^1.云南中烟工业有限责任公司原料中心，昆明 650201
^2.湖南省烟草公司永州市公司，湖南永州 425000
^3.中国农业科学院烟草研究所，山东青岛 266101
^4.永州市烟草公司宁远县分公司，湖南永州 425600

收稿日期:2025-09-16 接受日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者: 黄应群,夏建军
作者简介:任晓春 E-mail: renxiaochunw@163.com
基金资助:
云南中烟工业有限责任公司重点项目(2023YL03)

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield-quality Formation and Aroma Compounds Accumulation in Flue-cured Tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’

Xiaochun REN¹(), Xin LIU¹, Ying HAN¹, Kai DUAN¹, Feng LIU², Ruili HAO³, Huan SI³, Yingqun HUANG⁴(), Jianjun XIA¹()

^1.Raw Materials Center，Yunnan Tobacco Industrial Co. ，Ltd. ，Kunming 650201，China
^2.Yongzhou Branch，Hunan Tobacco Company，Hunan Yongzhou 425000，China
^3.Tobacco Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shandong Qingdao 266101，China
^4.Ningyuan Branch，Yongzhou Tobacco Company，Hunan Yongzhou 425600，China

Received:2025-09-16 Accepted:2025-11-12 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: Yingqun HUANG,Jianjun XIA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮肥施用量是影响烟叶产量与品质的重要因素，但在实际生产中普遍存在施氮量偏高的现象，造成烟叶产量与品质之间的矛盾。为明确适宜施氮范围并提升烟叶生产效益，以‘云烟87’为试验材料，设置低氮（纯氮135 kg·hm^-2）、中氮（150 kg·hm^-2）和高氮（165 kg·hm^-2）3个施氮梯度，通过田间试验系统评价其对农艺性状、产量、产值及外观、感官、物理特性及致香成分的影响。试验结果表明，高氮处理组可显著促进植株的生长发育，株高较中氮和低氮分别提高了6.0%和11.7%，叶宽提升了9.3%~13.3%；烤后烟叶产量分别提升了7.4%和18.4%，外观质量评分亦有所提升。然而，高氮处理会显著降低致香成分积累，中部叶总致香成分含量为低氮组的86.6%，多项感官评价指标得分也低于低氮组。而低氮处理导致烟叶产量下降10%以上，但萜烯类等致香成分显著积累，感官质量表现也更优。由此表明，优化氮肥施用是实现烟叶产量与品质协调统一的关键途径，过量施氮虽能提升产量与外观品质，但会降低烟叶中致香成分的积累从而削弱其内在品质，应根据生产实际优化当前的施氮策略，以保障烟叶优质高效生产和行业可持续发展。

关键词: 烟草, 施氮量, 生长发育, 致香成分, 感官质量

Abstract:

Nitrogen application rate is a critical factor affecting both the yield and quality of tobacco leaves； however， excessive nitrogen application is prevalent in practical production， resulting in a contradiction between tobacco leaf yield and quality. To clarify the appropriate nitrogen application range and improve tobacco leaf production efficiency， field experiments were conducted using ‘Yunyan 87’ as the test material， with three nitrogen application gradients set： low nitrogen （pure nitrogen 135 kg·hm^-2）， medium nitrogen （150 kg·hm^-2）， and high nitrogen （165 kg·hm^-2）. The effects of different nitrogen levels on agronomic traits， yield， output value， as well as appearance quality， sensory quality， physical characteristics and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the high nitrogen treatment group significantly promoted plant growth and development： compared with medium and low nitrogen treatments， plant height increased by 6.0% and 11.7% respectively， and leaf width increased by 9.3%~13.3%； the yield of flue-cured tobacco after curing increased by 7.4% and 18.4% respectively， and the appearance quality score was also improved. Nevertheless， high nitrogen treatment significantly reduced the accumulation of aroma-forming components： the total content of aroma-forming components in middle leaves was 86.6% of that in the low nitrogen group， and the scores of several sensory evaluation indices were lower than those in the low nitrogen group. In contrast， low nitrogen treatment led to a more than 10% decrease in tobacco leaf yield， but significantly promoted the accumulation of aroma-forming components such as terpenoids， and the sensory quality performance was also better. These findings indicate that optimizing nitrogen application is a key approach to achieving the coordinated unification of tobacco leaf yield and quality. Although excessive nitrogen application can improve yield and appearance quality， it reduces the accumulation of aroma-forming components in tobacco leaves， thereby impairing their intrinsic quality. Therefore， the current nitrogen application strategy should be optimized according to actual production conditions to ensure the high-quality and efficient production of tobacco leaves and the sustainable development of the industry.

Key words: tobacco, nitrogen application, growth and development, aroma components, sensory quality

中图分类号:

Q819

任晓春, 刘欣, 韩莹, 端凯, 刘峰, 郝瑞丽, 斯欢, 黄应群, 夏建军. 施氮量对‘云烟87’产量和质量形成及致香成分积累的影响[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(1): 76-85.

Xiaochun REN, Xin LIU, Ying HAN, Kai DUAN, Feng LIU, Ruili HAO, Huan SI, Yingqun HUANG, Jianjun XIA. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield-quality Formation and Aroma Compounds Accumulation in Flue-cured Tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(1): 76-85.

图/表 7

表1 不同氮肥处理下‘云烟87’主要农艺性状调查表

Table 1 Agronomic traits of 'Yunyan 87' under different nitrogen treatments

处理	株高/cm	叶数/片	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	茎围/cm	节距/cm
T3	124.0±2.24a	19.4±0.55a	73.2±1.30a	30.6±0.89a	8.3±0.27a	6.4±0.22a
T2	117.0±1.87b	18.8±0.45a	73.4±1.14a	28.0±0.71b	7.9±0.22a	6.2±0.18b
T1	111.0±1.58c	19.4±0.55a	73.8±1.10a	27.0±0.63c	8.2±0.18a	5.7±0.16c

表2 不同施肥处理条件下‘云烟87’外观评价

Table 2 Appearance evaluation of 'Yunyan 87' under different nitrogen treatments

处理	颜色	成熟度	结构	身份	油分	色度
T3	金黄	成熟	疏松	中等	有	中等
T2	金黄	成熟	疏松	中等	有	中等
T1	正黄	成熟	疏松	稍薄	有	中等

表3 ‘云烟87’不同处理下烤后烟叶样品相关物理指标

Table 3 Physical properties of 'Yunyan 87' after flue-curing under different nitrogen treatments

样品	等级	单叶质量/g	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm	含梗率/％	厚度/mm	叶面密度/（g·m^-²）	拉力/N
T1	C3F	11.06±0.27b	70.95±1.23b	23.40±0.48b	28.67±1.53b	0.110±0.02b	77.29±2.17a	1.68±0.13b
T2		11.11±0.31b	69.95±1.14b	23.40±0.43b	26.64±1.22c	0.113±0.01b	71.46±1.83b	1.30±0.11c
T3		11.73±0.36a	73.45±1.47a	25.40±0.58a	31.29±1.82a	0.120±0.01a	54.68±2.53c	2.30±0.18a
T1	B2F	12.50±0.38b	64.60±0.97a	19.25±0.42b	27.92±1.27a	0.160±0.02a	73.13±1.97a	1.33±0.14b
T2		11.40±0.33c	62.10±0.93b	19.65±0.37b	29.56±1.43a	0.160±0.02a	69.70±1.72b	1.80±0.16a
T3		12.87±0.44a	63.40±1.12ab	20.55±0.49a	28.36±1.24a	0.170±0.02a	69.85±1.63b	1.23±0.09b

表4 ‘云烟87’不同施氮处理组烟叶产量和产值

Table 4 Yield and economic return of 'Yunyan 87' under different nitrogen levels

处理	产量/（kg·hm^-2)	均价/（元·kg^-1)	产值/（元·hm^-2）	中上等烟比例
T3	1 924.5	30.1	57 927.45	96.6%
T2	1 792.5	28.8	51 624.00	92.5%
T1	1 626.0	28.1	45 690.60	90.6%

图1 ‘云烟87’不同施氮处理烤后烟叶样品感官质量差异分析

Fig. 1 Sensory quality analysis of 'Yunyan 87' under different nitrogen levels

图2 ‘云烟87’不同施氮水平处理下烟叶样品中主要致香成分比较

Fig. 2 Comparison of aroma components in 'Yunyan 87' under different nitrogen levels

图3 致香成分对感官评价指标的贡献程度注：M1~M30分别表示2-呋喃甲醇、苯甲醇、反式香叶基香叶醇、糠醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、5-羟甲基糠醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、β-大马酮、香叶基丙酮、巨豆三烯酮、螺岩兰草酮、法尼基丙酮、3-羟基-β-达马斯科酮、7,9-二叔丁基-1-氧嘧啶（4,5）癸-6,9-二烯-2,8-二酮、2.3-二氢-3.5-二羟基-6-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮、3,5-二羟基-2-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮、4-（3-羟基-1-丁烯基）-3,5,5-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、棕榈酸甲酯、2-乙酰基吡咯、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚、1,7,7-三甲基-三环[2.2.1.0（2,6）]庚烷、1,5-二乙基-3-甲基-2-亚甲基-(1,3,5)-环己烷、2,3'-二吡啶基、棕榈酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、9,12,15-十八三酸、硬脂酸、新植二烯、5-甲基-3-（1-甲基乙烯基）-环己烯、m-薄荷-4,8-二烯。

Fig. 3 Contribution of aroma compounds to sensory quality indicators

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施氮量对‘云烟87’产量和质量形成及致香成分积累的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield-quality Formation and Aroma Compounds Accumulation in Flue-cured Tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’

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