Abstract: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in the biological nerve conduction, and its main function is to terminate the transmission of nerve impulses by hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in cholinergic synapses. Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides are the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, although they played a key role in pest control, they might be harmful to other non-target creatures such as human, mammal, etc. Thus it would be critical to develop efficient acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which only interact with target creatures like pests. This paper reviewed the advances in acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as organophosphate and carbamate, alkaloids inhibitors, and some novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which would provide reference for development of  safe  acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Key words: acetylcholinesterase, organophosphate, carbamate, alkaloids, selective inhibitors

摘要： 乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）在生物神经传导中起着至关重要的作用，其主要功能是迅速水解胆碱部位的神经递质乙酰胆碱（ACh），终止神经冲动的传递。有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂是最常见的AChE抑制剂，虽然对灭虫起到很大的作用，但是同时也会对人、哺乳动物等非靶标生物造成危害，所以需要研制出一种高效的、针对害虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。综述了有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类、部分生物碱类抑制剂，以及一些选择性的新型乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的研究进展，以期为安全的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的研制提供参考。

关键词: 乙酰胆碱酯酶, 有机磷, 氨基甲酸酯, 生物碱类, 选择性抑制剂