Abstract: Since the 70s of 20th century, the rapid development of molecular biology and genomics have played increasingly important role in the field of biological and medical science. In fermentation industry，molecular biology techniques are widely used in construction of genetically engineered bacteria and strains improvement, in order to improve the yield of fermentation products and enrich fermentation product types. In the past decade, the use of prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems for exogenous gene amplification and expression to produce proteins vaccines, DNA vaccines and enzymic preparations, etc. is the emerging field of fermentation industry. In this paper, we reviewed the recent progress on E. coli expression systems and yeast expression systems from two aspects of vectors and host transformation.

Key words: Escherichia coli expression system, Yeast expression system, expression vectors, host bacteria transformation

摘要： 20世纪70年代以来，分子生物学及基因组学迅猛发展，其在生物及医学领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。在发酵工业中，分子生物学技术广泛应用于菌种的遗传改造和基因工程菌株的构建，以期提高发酵产物的产量并丰富发酵产物的类型。其中，利用原核及真核表达系统进行外源基因的扩增、表达以生产蛋白疫苗、核酸疫苗和酶制剂等是近十年来发酵工业的新兴领域。本文从表达载体和宿主菌改造两方面综述近些年来大肠杆菌及酵母表达系统的新进展与新技术。

关键词: 大肠杆菌表达系统, 酵母表达系统, 表达载体, 宿主菌改造