Abstract: Due to the increasingly serious of energy crisis and environmental pollution problems，energy plants，for its characteristics of safety, environmental friendly，renewable and low cost，has become a hotspot of energy exploitation. With the continuous advancement of transgenic technology，the use of transgenic technology to cultivate high\|yield，high quality, efficient energy plant new varieties has made the corresponding results. This paper briefly introduced the concept of energy plants and classification，and outlined the application status of transgenic technology in increasing total biomass of plants, reducing plant lignin content，overexpressing cellulose degrading enzymes in plants，increasing oil content of oil plants and other aspects. The prospect of energy plant improvement using transgenic technology was also discussed，with the aim to provide references for future energy plant genetic engineering breeding research and its application.

Key words: energy plant, transgenic technology, genetic improvement, bioethanol, biodiesel

摘要： 由于能源危机与环境污染问题日益严重，能源植物以其安全、环保、可再生和低成本等特性，成为能源开发的一个热点。随着转基因技术的不断进步，利用转基因技术培育高产、优质、高效新型能源植物新品种也取得了相应的成果。本文简要介绍了能源植物的概念和分类，概述了转基因技术在提高植物总生物量、降低植物木质素的含量、在植物中过表达纤维素降解酶、以及提高油料植物含油量等方面的应用现状，并探讨了该技术在能源植物遗传改良中的应用前景，以期为后续的能源植物新品种培育等研究和应用提供参考。

关键词: 能源植物, 转基因技术, 遗传改良, 生物乙醇, 生物柴油