Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as craniocerebral injury or head injury, refers specifically to brain tissue damage caused by trauma. However, from mild to severe TBI, there are few treatments to improve the prognosis of TBI patients. Neuritis can cause acute secondary injury after traumatic brain injury and related to chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the cellular system involved in the neuroinflammatory response after TBI. This paper mainly focused on the cells involved in the inflammatory response in TBI (such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neutrophile granulocyte, lymphocyte, etc.). This article reviewed the recent advances in the initiation and interaction of granulocytes and lymphocytes, which was excepted to provide a new strategy for clinical research.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation, inflammatory cells

摘要： 创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI), 亦称颅脑损伤或头部外伤, 专指由外伤引起的脑组织损害。然而，从轻度到重度的TBI，改善TBI患者预后的治疗方法都十分匮乏。神经炎症可引起脑外伤后急性继发性损伤，并与慢性神经退行性疾病有关，因此，系统了解参与TBI后神经炎性反应的细胞显得尤为重要。主要对TBI中参与炎症反应的细胞（如小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞）的启动以及相互作用的最新研究进展进行了综述，以期为临床研究提供新的策略。

关键词: 创伤性脑损伤, 神经炎症, 炎症细胞