Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) not only has higher morbidity and mortality, but also leads to varying degrees of impairment in cognitive activities and sensorimotor functions of its survivors. Establishing a reasonable TBI model helps to understand the pathophysiology of TBI and explore its treatment strategies. Many animal models of traumatic brain injury (belong to in vivo TBI models) have already been used to replicate various traumatic brain injuries in human. Unfortunately, most of the therapeutic regimens with neuroprotective effects in animal experiments proved to be ineffective in clinical studies. Since cells cultured in vitro are not adulterated with complex factors which exit in vivo, in vitro models of various traumatic brain injuries have been set up progressively. According to different types of injury, the common-used in vivo animal models and in vitro cell models are divided into physical injury model, pressure injury model, blast-induced injury model and repeated mild injury model. The characteristics of the above common-used TBI models were summarized and comparatively analyzed in order to help for the search of clinical strategies with neuroprotective effects.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, in vivo model, in vitro model, animal model, cell model

摘要： 创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury，TBI）不仅发病率和死亡率较高，而且也会导致其幸存者的认知活动和感觉运动功能产生不同程度的障碍。建立合理的TBI模型有助于理解TBI病理生理机制并探索其治疗方案。许多创伤性脑损伤动物模型（属体内模型，in vivo TBI model）已被用来复制人类各种创伤性脑损伤，遗憾的是，在动物实验中具有神经保护作用的治疗方案在临床研究中大多无效。由于体外培养的细胞未掺杂体内复杂的影响因素，各种创伤性脑损伤体外模型（in vitro TBI model）被逐步建立起来。根据致伤方式的不同，可将常用的体内动物模型和体外细胞模型分为机械作用力损伤模型、压力损伤模型、爆炸伤模型、反复性轻度损伤模型。对上述常用TBI模型的特点进行了综述和比较分析，以期为寻找在临床上具有神经保护效果的策略提供帮助。

关键词: 创伤性脑损伤, 体内模型, 体外模型, 动物模型, 细胞模型