渗透应力调控下巨型单层囊泡膨胀-破裂的研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0068

生物技术进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 791-797.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0068

渗透应力调控下巨型单层囊泡膨胀-破裂的研究进展

赵铁亮¹^,²(), 蒋中英¹, 石铭芸¹()

^1.伊犁师范大学网络安全与信息技术学院，微纳电传感器技术与仿生器械实验室，新疆伊宁 835000
^2.伊犁师范大学电子工程学院，新疆伊宁 835000

收稿日期:2025-06-04 接受日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-11-11
通讯作者: 石铭芸
作者简介:赵铁亮 E-mail: 1977517964@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(22163011);伊犁师范大学科研项目(2022YSYB006);伊犁师范大学科研创新团队培育计划项目(CXZK2021011)

Research Progress on the Expansion and Rupture of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Under Osmotic Stress

Tieliang ZHAO¹^,²(), Zhongying JIANG¹, Mingyun SHI¹()

^1.Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Sensing Technology and Bionic Devices，School of Network Security and Information Technology，Yili Normal University，Xinjiang Yining 835000，China
^2.School of Electronic Engineering，Yili Normal University，Xinjiang Yining 835000，China

Received:2025-06-04 Accepted:2025-08-18 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-11-11
Contact: Mingyun SHI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

渗透应力是调节细胞膜形态和功能的关键物理因素，在细胞体积调节和膜通透性控制中起着至关重要的作用。目前，渗透应力作用下孔隙形成、相分离和膜组分之间的耦合机制尚不完全清楚，限制了膜动力学的深入探索及其在生物工程中的应用。综述了渗透应力调控下巨型单层囊泡（giant unilamellar vesicles，GUVs）的再组装动力学研究进展，讨论了膜相分离、膜张力积累、孔隙成核与扩展机制，揭示了膜张力与孔隙线张力动态平衡对孔隙周期性振荡的调控作用，阐明了脂质溶解等耗散过程对膜动力学的影响，为理解膜动力学调控机制提供了重要的理论支持，并为设计高效可控的药物递送系统奠定了基础。

关键词: 渗透应力, 巨型单层囊泡, 相分离, 孔隙, 振荡

Abstract:

Osmotic stress is a key physical factor regulating cell membrane morphology and function， playing a crucial role in cell volume regulation and membrane permeability control. Currently， the coupling mechanisms of pore formation， phase separation， and membrane components under osmotic stress are still not fully understood， limiting the in-depth exploration of membrane mechanics and its application in bioengineering. This article reviewed the research progress on the reassembly kinetics of giant unilamellar vesicles （GUVs） under osmotic stress regulation， discussed the mechanisms of membrane phase separation， membrane tension accumulation， pore nucleation and expansion， revealed the regulatory role of the dynamic balance between membrane tension and pore line tension on the periodic oscillation of pores， and elucidated the influence of dissipative processes such as lipid dissolution on membrane dynamics. The review provided important theoretical support for understanding the mechanisms regulating membrane dynamics and laid the foundation for the design of efficient and controllable drug delivery systems.

Key words: osmotic stress, giant unilamellar vesicles, phase separation, pore, oscillation

中图分类号:

Q814.4

赵铁亮, 蒋中英, 石铭芸. 渗透应力调控下巨型单层囊泡膨胀-破裂的研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2025, 15(5): 791-797.

Tieliang ZHAO, Zhongying JIANG, Mingyun SHI. Research Progress on the Expansion and Rupture of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Under Osmotic Stress[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2025, 15(5): 791-797.

图/表 4

图1 低渗环境中巨型单层囊泡膨胀-破裂循环的荧光图像与理论模拟示意图[22]A：GUVs膨胀-破裂循环荧光显微图像；B：膨胀-破裂循环示意图；C：磷脂双分子层结构变化示意图；D：膨胀阶段囊泡约化半径R/R0随时间的变化；E：GUVs半径随时间变化模拟曲线；F：膨胀-破裂循环时间曲线（实验与理论模拟对比）

Fig. 1 Fluorescence image and theoretical simulations schematic diagram of the swelling-rupture cycle of giant unilamellar vesicles in a hypotonic environment[22]

图2 渗透应力驱动GUVs的相分离与孔隙形成动态过程[24]A：囊泡渗透调节过程中物理机制及膜特性变化的示意图；B：振荡相分离随时间变化的荧光显微图像；C：囊泡膨胀与相分离程度的关系

Fig. 2 Dynamic process of phase separation and pore formation in GUVs driven by osmotic stress[24]

图3 表面活性剂诱导脂质体孔隙动力学与膜张力变化机制[25]A：表面活性剂诱导脂质体溶解与孔隙动力学；B：脂质体在表面活性剂作用下的短寿命与长寿命孔隙序列；C：膜张力介导孔隙形成

Fig. 3 Mechanism of surfactant-induced pore dynamics and membrane tension changes in liposomes[25]

图4 渗透应力作用下巨型单层囊泡的振荡相分离[25]A：囊泡膨胀介导膜相分离与微畴粗化；B：相界面处孔隙形成与溶质释放

Fig. 4 Oscillatory phase separation in giant unilamellar vesicles subjected to osmotic stress[25]

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渗透应力调控下巨型单层囊泡膨胀-破裂的研究进展

Research Progress on the Expansion and Rupture of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Under Osmotic Stress

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