高寒矿山土壤解磷菌分离及其固定镉效应研究

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0074

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 968-978.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0074

高寒矿山土壤解磷菌分离及其固定镉效应研究

韩明贞¹^,²(), 刘青海¹(), 吴斌²(), 胡俊淇², 邱城¹, 潘崇双¹

^1.西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所，西藏自治区农产品质量安全重点实验室，拉萨 850032
^2.成都理工大学生态环境学院，地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室，成都 610059

收稿日期:2026-03-23 接受日期:2026-06-01 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-09-11
通信作者: 吴斌
作者简介:韩明贞E-mail: 2455238125@qq.com
刘青海E-mail: 17199551@qq.com第一联系人：本文共同第一作者。
基金资助:
西藏自治区中央引导地方项目(XZ202401YD0001);四川省重点研发项目(2025YFNZH0039);成都市科技局项目(2024-YF09-00042-SN)

Isolation of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria from Alpine Mining Soil and Evaluation of Their Cadmium Immobilization Capacity

Mingzhen HAN¹^,²(), Qinghai LIU¹(), Bin WU²(), Junqi HU², Cheng QIU¹, Chongshuang PAN¹

^1.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety of the Xizang Autonomous Region，Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing，Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences，Lhasa 850032，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection，College of Ecology and Environment，Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu 610059，China

Received:2026-03-23 Accepted:2026-06-01 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-09-11
Contact: Bin WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

解磷菌驱动的生物矿化具有重金属修复潜力，但其在脆弱高寒生态系统中的应用效能与作用机制仍亟待阐明。从高寒尾矿库筛出1株耐冷解磷菌Serratia quinivorans SH，并揭示了其在低温条件下的解磷性能、耐镉特性及Cd固定机理。结果发现，菌株SH低温下净解磷量最高为210.6 mg·L^-1，对5~40 mg·L^-1的Cd胁迫表现出显著耐受性。此外，菌株SH在5~15 ℃的解磷量为187.2~210.6 mg·L^-1，最适pH为7~8，最适C/N比为20∶1。吸附沉淀实验表明，其对Cd的净吸附率最高为83.3%，净沉淀率最高为35%。扫描电镜-能谱仪（scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy, SEM-EDS）结果显示，菌株SH能够将Cd转化为稳定的磷酸盐沉淀。全基因组分析进一步揭示了与溶磷和重金属耐受相关的基因。结果表明，耐冷解磷菌Serratia quinivorans SH具有低温解磷和Cd生物矿化能力，可为高寒尾矿重金属污染的修复提供菌种资源与理论支撑。

关键词: 解磷菌, 高寒尾矿, 镉污染, 生物矿化

Abstract:

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria-mediated biomineralization has great potential for heavy metal remediation， yet its application efficiency and underlying mechanisms in fragile alpine ecosystems remain poorly understood. A cold-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing strain Serratia quinivorans SH was isolated from an alpine tailings reservoir， and its phosphorus-solubilizing capacity， cadmium （Cd） tolerance and Cd immobilization mechanism under low-temperature conditions were systematically explored. The results showed that the maximum net soluble phosphorus concentration of strain SH reached 210.6 mg·L^-1 under low temperature， and the strain exhibited prominent tolerance to Cd stress at 5~40 mg·L^-1. Furthermore， the net soluble phosphorus concentration ranged from 187.2 to 210.6 mg at 5~15 ℃， with the optimal pH of 7~8 and optimal C/N ratio of 20∶1. Adsorption-precipitation experiments revealed that the maximum net Cd adsorption rate and net precipitation rate of strain SH were 83.3% and 35%， respectively. Characterizations via scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （SEM-EDS） verified that strain SH transformed Cd into stable phosphate precipitates. Whole-genome sequencing analysis further identified functional genes involved in phosphorus solubilization and heavy metal resistance. The results showed that the cold-resistant phosphate-solubilizing strain Serratia quinivorans SH possesses low-temperature phosphorus-solubilizing ability and Cd biomineralization capacity， which can provide strain resources and theoretical support for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in alpine tailings.

Key words: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, alpine tailings, cadmium contamination, biomineralization

中图分类号:

Q938.1

韩明贞, 刘青海, 吴斌, 胡俊淇, 邱城, 潘崇双. 高寒矿山土壤解磷菌分离及其固定镉效应研究[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(4): 968-978.

Mingzhen HAN, Qinghai LIU, Bin WU, Junqi HU, Cheng QIU, Chongshuang PAN. Isolation of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria from Alpine Mining Soil and Evaluation of Their Cadmium Immobilization Capacity[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 968-978.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0074

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I4/968

图/表 10

表1 单因素实验设计

Table 1 Design of the single-factor experiment

	培养基类型	变量水平
温度	TCP	5、10、15 ℃
pH	TCP	5、6、7、8、9
C/N比	TCP	20∶1、40∶1、60∶1、80∶1
磷源	TCP、PR、HAP、PHYTIN	4种磷源
Cd²⁺耐受	LB	0、5、10、20、40 mg·L^-1

图1 基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences

图2 不同磷源及Cd2+胁迫下S. quinivorans SH的生长响应与功能特征A~C：不同磷源条件下菌株OD600、培养液pH和净解磷量的变化；D~F：不同Cd2+浓度胁迫下菌株OD600、培养液pH和Cd吸附率的变化

Fig. 2 Growth responses and functional characteristics of S. quinivorans SH under different phosphorus sources and Cd2+ stress

图3 不同温度、pH及C/N比条件下菌株的OD600、生长培养液pH变化及净解磷量A~C：不同温度条件下菌株OD600、培养液pH及净解磷量的变化；D~F：不同初始pH条件下菌株OD600、培养液pH及净解磷量的变化；G~I：不同C/N比条件下菌株OD600、培养液pH及净解磷量的变化

Fig. 3 OD600, variation in growth medium pH, and net phosphate-solubilizing amount of the strain under different temperature, pH, and C/N ratio conditions

图4 菌体对Cd的吸附率与培养液对Cd的沉淀率随时间变化的曲线

Fig. 4 Changes in Cd adsorption rate by bacterial cells and Cd precipitation rate in the culture medium over time

图5 不同Cd浓度下S. quinivorans SH的EPS多糖含量与可溶性EPS粗提液荧光特征A：不同Cd浓度下EPS多糖含量；B：对照组可溶性EPS粗提液的3D-EEM光谱图；C：5 mg·L-1Cd处理下可溶性EPS粗提液的3D-EEM光谱图；D：10 mg·L-1Cd处理下可溶性EPS粗提液的3D-EEM光谱图；E：20 mg·L-1Cd处理下可溶性EPS粗提液的3D-EEM光谱图；F：40 mg·L-1Cd处理下可溶性EPS粗提液的3D-EEM光谱图

Fig. 5 EPS polysaccharide content and fluorescence characteristics of soluble EPS crude extracts from S. quinivorans SH under different Cd concentrations

图6 S. quinivorans SH 对镉的吸附与矿化特征A~B：对照组和镉处理组的SEM图像及EDS分析；C：SEM图像及EDS分析显示镉沉淀的形貌和元素分布;D：FTIR光谱图展示SH与SH+Cd的主要官能团；E：XRD图谱显示镉矿化产物

Fig. 6 Characteristics of cadmium adsorption and mineralization by S. quinivorans SH

图7 pH对吸附产物和沉淀产物的影响A：pH对吸附产物的影响；B：pH对沉淀产物的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of pH on adsorption products and precipitation products

表2 菌株SH基因组特征

Table 2 Genomic characterization of strain SH

特征	统计值
基因组大小/bp	5 042 730
编码序列平均长度/bp	965
GC含量/%	51.49
编码基因数量	4 496
Contig数量	3
染色体数量	1
质粒数量	2
tRNA数量	75
rRNA数量	22
sRNA数量	88

图8 KEGG功能注释分类统计图A：COG功能分类统计；B：KEGG功能分类统计

Fig. 8 Statistical classification of KEGG functional annotations

参考文献 44

[1]	WU J, DUAN D, LU J, et al.. Inorganic pollution around the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: an overview of the current observations[J]. Sci. Total Environ., 2016, 550: 628-636.
[2]	SUHANI I, SAHAB S, SRIVASTAVA V, et al.. Impact of cadmium pollution on food safety and human health[J]. Curr. Opin. Toxicol., 2021, 27: 1-7.
[3]	PEERA S K P G, KHANAM R, DAS S, et al.. A state-of-the-art review on cadmium uptake, toxicity, and tolerance in rice: from physiological response to remediation process[J/OL]. Environ. Res., 2023, 220: 115098[2026-05-15]. .
[4]	MA Y, WANG L, CAO Y, et al.. Stabilization and remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in China: insights from a decade-long national survey[J]. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2022, 29(26): 39077-39087.
[5]	GEORGE S E, WAN Y. Microbial functionalities and immobilization of environmental lead: biogeochemical and molecular mechanisms and implications for bioremediation[J/OL]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2023, 457: 131738[2026-05-15]. .
[6]	ZHANG L, ZHANG J, ZHOU R, et al.. β-tricalcium phosphate enhanced biomineralization of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by Sporosarcina ureilytica HJ1 and Sporosarcina pasteurii HJ2[J/OL]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2024, 474: 134624.
[7]	HAN L J, LI J S, CHEN Z, et al.. Stabilization of Pb(Ⅱ) in wastewater and tailings by commercial bacteria through microbially induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP)[J/OL]. Sci. Total Environ., 2023, 868: 161628[2026-05-15]. .
[8]	HE N, HU L, JIANG C, et al.. Remediation of chromium, zinc, arsenic, lead and antimony contaminated acidic mine soil based on Phanerochaete chrysosporium induced phosphate precipitation[J/OL]. Sci. Total Environ., 2022, 850: 157995[2026-05-15]. .
[9]	ZENG G, DAI J, JIAN J, et al.. The effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the fate of cadmium immobilized by microbial induced phosphate precipitation[J/OL]. J. Environ. Manag., 2025, 380: 125125[2026-05-15]. .
[10]	宋宇,陈玉洁,陈凯斌,等.不同胶结液驱动解磷微生物固化/稳定化重金属污染土力学特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2025,33(6):2095-2107.
	SONG Y, CHEN Y J, CHEN K B, et al.. Study on the mechanical properties of heavy metal contaminated soil solidified/stabilized by phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms driven by different cementing fluids[J]. J. Eng. Geol., 2025, 33(6): 2095-2107.
[11]	GLICK B R. Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation[J]. Biotechnol. Adv., 2010, 28(3): 367-374.
[12]	MA X, LUO Z, YU Y, et al.. Insight into mineral-microbe interaction on cadmium immobilization via microbially induced phosphate precipitation with various phosphate minerals[J/OL]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2025, 498: 139854[2026-05-15]. .
[13]	ZENG G, QIAO S, WANG X, et al.. Immobilization of cadmium by Burkholderia sp. QY14 through modified microbially induced phosphate precipitation[J/OL]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2021, 412: 125156[2026-05-15]. .
[14]	李雪涛,许永利.解磷菌的筛选鉴定及其促生效果研究[J].农业与技术,2024,44(24):108-112.
	LI X T, XU Y L. Screening and identification of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and its growth-promoting effect[J]. Agric. Technol., 2024, 44(24): 108-112.
[15]	QIN S, ZHANG H, HE Y, et al.. Improving radish phosphorus utilization efficiency and inhibiting Cd and Pb uptake by using heavy metal-immobilizing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria[J/OL]. Sci. Total Environ., 2023, 868: 161685.
[16]	DUAN T, ZHANG J, WANG Z. Responses and indicators of composition, diversity, and productivity of plant communities at different levels of disturbance in a wetland ecosystem[J/OL]. Diversity, 2021, 13(6): 252[2026-05-15]. .
[17]	ZHANG W, WANG Q, WU Q, et al.. The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(3): e0230178[2026-05-15]. .
[18]	USMONKULOVA A, MALUSA E, KADIROVA G, et al.. Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ biosorption capacity and redox-mediated toxicity reduction in bacterial strains from highly contaminated soils of Uzbekistan[J/OL]. Microorganisms, 2025, 13(7): 1485[2026-05-15]. .
[19]	XU D, SHEN Z, DOU C, et al.. Effects of soil properties on heavy metal bioavailability and accumulation in crop grains under different farmland use patterns[J/OL]. Sci. Rep., 2022, 12: 9211[2026-05-15]. .
[20]	BRINZA L, GERAKI K, MATAMOROS-VELOZA A, et al.. The Irish kelp, Fucus vesiculosus, a highly potential green bio sorbent for Cd (Ⅱ) removal: mechanism, quantitative and qualitative approaches[J/OL]. J. Clean. Prod., 2021, 327: 129422[2026-05-15]. .
[21]	CABESTRERO Ó, TEBES-CAYO C, HINMAN N W, et al.. Mineral paragenesis precipitating in salt flat pools of continental environments replicated in microbial mat microcosms without evaporation[J/OL]. Minerals, 2022, 12(5): 646[2026-05-15]. .
[22]	YUAN J, LU W. Adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions using inorganic clays modified magnetic chitosan adsorbent: kinetic and thermodynamic study[J/OL]. Desalin. Water Treat., 2024, 319: 100442[2026-05-15]. .
[23]	ZENG W, ZHANG S, XIA M, et al.. Insights into the production of extracellular polymeric substances of Cupriavidus pauculus1490 under the stimulation of heavy metal ions[J]. RSC Adv., 2020, 10(34): 20385-20394.
[24]	XING Y, LUO X, LIU S, et al.. Synergistic effect of biofilm growth and cadmium adsorption via compositional changes of extracellular matrix in montmorillonite system[J/OL]. Bioresour. Technol., 2020, 315: 123742[2026-05-15]. .
[25]	LIU F, HAN X, WANG Z, et al.. Extracellular polymeric substances protect Chlorella sp. against the cadmium stress[J/OL]. Ecologies, 2025, 6(4): 65[2026-05-15]. .
[26]	GARCIA-SANCHEZ M, BERTRAND I, BARAKAT A, et al.. Improved rock phosphate dissolution from organic acids is driven by nitrate assimilation of bacteria isolated from nitrate and CaCO₃-rich soil[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(3): e0283437[2026-05-15]. .
[27]	XIAO S S, WEN J Y, QI Z, et al.. Isolation, identification and phosphate solubilization analysis of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria derived from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica rhizosphere soil[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci.. Bull., 2020, 36(32): 76-81.
[28]	MA Y, LIU Y, WANG D, et al.. The impacts of different nitrogen forms on fungal weathering of carbonate and insoluble phosphate in the karst red soil[J/OL]. Environ. Technol. Innov., 2026, 41: 104719[2026-05-15]. .
[29]	DESALEGN Y M, BEKELE E A, OLU F E. Optimization of Cd(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution by natural hydroxyapatite/bentonite composite using response surface methodology[J/OL]. Sci. Rep., 2023, 13: 5158[2026-05-15]. .
[30]	CUI D, TAN C, DENG H, et al.. Biosorption mechanism of aqueous Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)[J/OL]. Archaea, 2020, 2020(1): 8891543[2026-05-15]. .
[31]	LAI W, WU Y, ZHANG C, et al.. Combination of biochar and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to improve the stable form of toxic metal minerals and microbial abundance in lead/cadmium-contaminated soil[J/OL]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(5): 1003[2026-05-15]. .
[32]	ZHANG K, XUE Y, ZHANG J, et al.. Removal of lead from acidic wastewater by bio-mineralized bacteria with pH self-regulation[J/OL]. Chemosphere, 2020, 241: 125041[2026-05-15]. .
[33]	郭梅,韩昕,卢育霞,等.镉污染对黄土物理化学及力学性质的影响[J].地质科技通报,2025,44(3):353-362.
	GUO M, HAN X, LU Y X, et al.. Effects of cadmium on physical-chemical and mechanical properties of loess[J]. Bull. Geol. Sci. Technol., 2025, 44(3): 353-362.
[34]	SHENG M, LIU Y, ZENG G, et al.. For aqueous/soil cadmium immobilization under acid attack, does the hydroxyapatite converted from Pseudochrobactrum sp. DL-1 induced vaterite necessarily show higher stability?[J/OL]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2024, 478: 135631[2026-05-15]. .
[35]	WANG Q, DUAN C J, XU C Y, et al.. Efficient removal of Cd(Ⅱ) by phosphate-modified biochars derived from apple tree branches: processes, mechanisms, and application[J/OL]. Sci. Total Environ., 2022, 819: 152876[2026-05-15]. .
[36]	WANG S, LI Y, ZHANG J, et al.. Transcriptome profiling analysis of phosphate-solubilizing mechanism of Pseudomonas strain W134[J/OL]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10(10): 1998[2026-05-15]. .
[37]	KOUBA V, BACHMANNOVá C, PODZIMEK T, et al.. Physiology of anammox adaptation to low temperatures and promising biomarkers: a review[J/OL]. Bioresour. Technol., 2022, 349: 126847[2026-04-11]. .
[38]	ZHANG X, LIU W, LIU J, et al.. Isolation and growth-promoting mechanisms of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Lespedeza bicolor Turcz[J/OL]. Front. Microbiol., 2025, 16: 1669774[2026-05-15]. .
[39]	ZULUAGA M Y A, DE OLIVEIRA A L M, VALENTINUZZI F, et al.. An insight into the role of the organic acids produced by Enterobacter sp. strain 15S in solubilizing tricalcium phosphate: in situ study on cucumber[J/OL]. BMC Microbiol., 2023, 23: 184[2026-05-15]. .
[40]	HUANG H, WANG K, LI S, et al.. Different survival strategies of the phosphate-mineralizing bacterium Enterobacter sp. PMB-5 in response to cadmium stress: biomineralization, biosorption, and bioaccumulation[J/OL]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2024, 465: 133284[2026-05-15]. .
[41]	YANG X, YUE S, WU Z, et al. Identification of the Pst system of phosphate solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp.wj1 and functional analysis of pstS gene[J]. J. China Agric. Univ., 2018, 23(6): 40-48.
[42]	DE LACERDA J R M, SILVA T FDA, VOLLÚ R E, et al.. Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) Lactococcus lactis strains associated with Lippia sidoides Cham. are able to solubilize/mineralize phosphate[J/OL]. SpringerPlus, 2016, 5(1): 828[2026-05-15]. .
[43]	YANG S, DENG W, LIU S, et al.. Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and analysis of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308[J]. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist., 2020, 21: 420-426.
[44]	KWON E H, ADHIKARI A, IMRAN M, et al.. Novel melatonin-producing Bacillus safensis EH143 mitigates salt and cadmium stress in soybean[J/OL]. J. Pineal Res., 2024, 76(4): e12957[2026-05-15]. .

高寒矿山土壤解磷菌分离及其固定镉效应研究

Isolation of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria from Alpine Mining Soil and Evaluation of Their Cadmium Immobilization Capacity

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 44

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价