基于生物纳米孔的第四代测序研究

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0148

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 898-908.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0148

基于生物纳米孔的第四代测序研究

张欣欣(), 郭甜利, 管桦()

公安部第一研究所，北京 100044

收稿日期:2025-10-29 接受日期:2026-01-21 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-09-11
通信作者: 管桦
作者简介:张欣欣 E-mail: 547419699@qq.com;
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(B25601)

Research on Fourth-generation Sequencing Based on Biological Nanopores

Xinxin ZHANG(), Tianli GUO, Hua GUAN()

The First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China，Beijing 100044，China

Received:2025-10-29 Accepted:2026-01-21 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-09-11
Contact: Hua GUAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

测序技术作为分子生物学的重要支柱，在全球范围内发展非常迅速。纳米孔测序技术已成为领先的第四代测序技术，解决了前几代技术在通量、读长、便携性和成本等方面存在的局限。通过对比传统测序与纳米孔测序的关键参数，详细解析了生物纳米孔测序原理和测序仪的构成，剖析了生物纳米孔蛋白的结构特征和功能适配性，阐述了纳米孔测序在基因组学、转录组学和表观遗传学等方面的应用场景，并对未来的测序技术发展进行了展望。旨在为深入理解纳米孔测序技术提供全面参考，并助力该技术在生命科学研究与临床实践中的进一步推广和优化升级。

关键词: 纳米孔测序原理, 纳米孔蛋白, 基因组学, 转录组学, 表观遗传学

Abstract:

As a crucial pillar of molecular biology， sequencing technology is experiencing rapid development worldwide. Nanopore sequencing technology has emerged as the leading fourth-generation sequencing technology， addressing the limitations of previous-generation technologies in terms of throughput， read length， portability and cost. By comparing the key parameters of traditional sequencing and nanopore sequencing， this study elaborated on the principles of biological nanopore sequencing and the composition of sequencing instruments， analyzed the structural characteristics and functional adaptability of biological nanopore proteins， expounded on the application scenarios of nanopore sequencing in genomics， transcriptomics， epigenetics and other fields， and prospected for the development of sequencing technology. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers to deeply understand nanopore sequencing technology， and facilitates the further promotion， optimization and upgrading of this technology in life science research and clinical practice.

Key words: nanopore sequencing principle, nanopore protein, genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics

中图分类号:

Q-337

张欣欣, 郭甜利, 管桦. 基于生物纳米孔的第四代测序研究[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(4): 898-908.

Xinxin ZHANG, Tianli GUO, Hua GUAN. Research on Fourth-generation Sequencing Based on Biological Nanopores[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 898-908.

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链接本文: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0148

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I4/898

图/表 3

图1 纳米孔测序原理图

Fig. 1 Principle of nanopore sequencing

图2 生物纳米孔测序仪微系统构成和测序电路单元图[20]

Fig. 2 Composition of the microsystem and unit diagram of the sequencing circuit for biological nanopore sequencer[20]

图3 生物纳米孔结构主视图和俯视图A: α-溶血素； B: MspA; C: CsgG; D: CsgG:CsgF复合体； E: 气单胞菌溶素。蛋白结构下载于PDB数据库（https://www.rcsb.org）。

Fig. 3 Front view and top view of nanopore protein structure

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基于生物纳米孔的第四代测序研究

Research on Fourth-generation Sequencing Based on Biological Nanopores

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