硫氧还蛋白系统的研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0127

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 18-28.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0127

硫氧还蛋白系统的研究进展

赵茹萍(), 姜雪, 静悦, 段鑫源, 谢飞()

北京工业大学环境与生命科学学院，北京 100124

收稿日期:2025-09-23 接受日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者: 谢飞
作者简介:赵茹萍 E-mail: Zhaoruping@emails.bjut.edu.cn；
基金资助:
军委后勤保障部开放研究重点项目(BHJITL08)

The Thioredoxin System: Recent Progress and Developments

Ruping ZHAO(), Xue JIANG, Yue JING, Xinyuan DUAN, Fei XIE()

Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences，Beijing University of Technology，Beiijing 100124，China

Received:2025-09-23 Accepted:2025-11-04 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: Fei XIE

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硫氧还蛋白系统是机体内重要的抗氧化和还原系统，主要由硫氧还蛋白、硫氧还蛋白还原酶以及辅因子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸构成。该系统在维持细胞内氧化还原平衡、调控信号转导、调节细胞增殖和凋亡等方面发挥关键作用。近年来，大量研究揭示了硫氧还蛋白系统在多种疾病发生发展中的作用，为相关疾病的治疗提供了新的靶点和策略。综述了硫氧还蛋白系统的分子结构、作用机制、在生理及病理状态下的功能，以及其作为药物靶点的潜在应用，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，为深入理解其在生理病理过程中的作用机制，以及相关疾病的靶向治疗提供理论依据和新的思路。

关键词: 硫氧还蛋白系统, 氧化还原平衡, 信号转导调控, 疾病治疗, 药物靶点

Abstract:

The thioredoxin system represents a major antioxidant and redox regulatory system in biological systems， primarily composed of thioredoxin， thioredoxin reductase， and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH）. This system plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis， regulating signal transduction， and modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. In recent years， extensive researches have elucidated the involvement of the thioredoxin system in the pathogenesis of various diseases， thereby offering novel therapeutic targets and strategies for related conditions. This review comprehensively examined the thioredoxin system-from its molecular architecture and mechanistic principles to its physiological and pathological functions- and evaluates its potential as a drug target. By also outlining future research avenues， it aims to deepen the mechanistic understanding of its pathophysiological roles and provide a foundation for innovating targeted therapies.

Key words: thioredoxin system, redox homeostasis, regulation of signal transduction, disease treatment, drug target

中图分类号:

Q257

赵茹萍, 姜雪, 静悦, 段鑫源, 谢飞. 硫氧还蛋白系统的研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(1): 18-28.

Ruping ZHAO, Xue JIANG, Yue JING, Xinyuan DUAN, Fei XIE. The Thioredoxin System: Recent Progress and Developments[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(1): 18-28.

图/表 3

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类别	化合物	作用机制	参考文献
金属类化合物	金诺芬	不可逆结合TrxR的Sec残基	[49]
	顺铂	不可逆共价结合TrxR的Sec残基	[50]
	汞类化合物	结合TrxR活性中心的Sec或Cys残基	[50]
	钌/铑配合物	选择性靶向TrxR活性中心的Sec残基	[51-52]
含硒、碲及砷化合物	乙烷硒啉	靶向Sec498和Cys497残基，形成Se-Se和S-Se键	[53]
	有机碲化合物	借助碲原子的亲核特性及单电子转移机制	[54]
	砷化合物(如A-Z2)	选择性共价结合TrxR C端Sec-Cys活性位点	[55]
天然产物及其衍生物	姜黄素类似物(如二甲氧基姜黄素)	不可逆共价修饰TrxR中的Sec/Cys残基	[56]
	紫草素	靶向抑制TrxR1的Sec498残基	[57]
	胡椒碱	靶向抑制TrxR1的Sec残基	[58]
	藤黄酸	不可逆共价修饰TrxR的Sec残基	[59]
Michael受体类抑制剂	Withangulatin A及衍生物	作为Michael受体，不可逆加成靶向TrxR的Sec残基	[60-62]
硝基（杂）芳香化合物类	3-硝基吡啶衍生物	磺酰基与TrxR的Sec残基发生不可逆共价结合	[63]
硝基（杂）芳香化合物类	二硝基苯衍生物(CDNB、DNBF)	烷基化TrxR的Sec残基	[64]
非共价TrxR抑制剂	黄吡醇	非共价结合TrxR的FAD/NADPH结构域界面的别构位点	[65-66]
Trx特异性抑制剂	1-甲基丙基-2-咪唑基二硫化物	可逆竞争性抑制TrxR1；同时不可逆共价修饰Trx1的Cys73残基	[67-69]

类别	化合物	作用机制	参考文献
金属类化合物	金诺芬	不可逆结合TrxR的Sec残基	[49]
	顺铂	不可逆共价结合TrxR的Sec残基	[50]
	汞类化合物	结合TrxR活性中心的Sec或Cys残基	[50]
	钌/铑配合物	选择性靶向TrxR活性中心的Sec残基	[51-52]
含硒、碲及砷化合物	乙烷硒啉	靶向Sec498和Cys497残基，形成Se-Se和S-Se键	[53]
	有机碲化合物	借助碲原子的亲核特性及单电子转移机制	[54]
	砷化合物(如A-Z2)	选择性共价结合TrxR C端Sec-Cys活性位点	[55]
天然产物及其衍生物	姜黄素类似物(如二甲氧基姜黄素)	不可逆共价修饰TrxR中的Sec/Cys残基	[56]
	紫草素	靶向抑制TrxR1的Sec498残基	[57]
	胡椒碱	靶向抑制TrxR1的Sec残基	[58]
	藤黄酸	不可逆共价修饰TrxR的Sec残基	[59]
Michael受体类抑制剂	Withangulatin A及衍生物	作为Michael受体，不可逆加成靶向TrxR的Sec残基	[60-62]
硝基（杂）芳香化合物类	3-硝基吡啶衍生物	磺酰基与TrxR的Sec残基发生不可逆共价结合	[63]
硝基（杂）芳香化合物类	二硝基苯衍生物(CDNB、DNBF)	烷基化TrxR的Sec残基	[64]
非共价TrxR抑制剂	黄吡醇	非共价结合TrxR的FAD/NADPH结构域界面的别构位点	[65-66]
Trx特异性抑制剂	1-甲基丙基-2-咪唑基二硫化物	可逆竞争性抑制TrxR1；同时不可逆共价修饰Trx1的Cys73残基	[67-69]

硫氧还蛋白系统的研究进展

The Thioredoxin System: Recent Progress and Developments

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