基于植物微生物系统的转基因植物生态安全评价研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0126

生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 786-796.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0126

基于植物微生物系统的转基因植物生态安全评价研究进展

任翔¹^,²(), 杨明超²(), 章寅², 陈一帆², 晁盛茜², 陈胜², 姜玉萍¹(), 吕贝贝²()

^1.上海应用技术大学城市建设与生态技术学部，上海 201418
^2.上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所，农业农村部农作物生态环境安全检验测试中心（上海），上海市农业生物安全评价与检测专业技术服务平台，农业农村部农业转基因生物安全评价（环境）重点实验室，上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室，上海 201106

收稿日期:2026-05-26 接受日期:2026-07-14 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-09-11
通信作者: 姜玉萍,吕贝贝
作者简介:任翔 E-mail: 19993240204@163.com
杨明超 E-mail：yangmingchao@saas.sh.cn第一联系人：本文共同第一作者。
基金资助:
上海市农业科技创新项目(2024-02-08-00-12-F00021);国家自然科学基金项目(32302635);上海市农业科学院2025年度农业科技创新支撑领域研究专项（农科应基2025）;上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划项目(沪农科卓〔2022〕016);上海市特用玉米工程技术研究中心(20DZ2255300);农业生物育种重大专项(2023ZD04062);上海市“科技创新行动计划”专业技术服务平台项目(23DZ2290700);上海市农科院新进博士揭榜挂帅项目(BS25021)

Research Progress on Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants Based on Plant-associated Microbial Systems

Xiang REN¹^,²(), Mingchao YANG²(), Yin ZHANG², Yifan CHEN², Shengqian CHAO², Sheng CHEN², Yuping JIANG¹(), Beibei LYU²()

^1.School of Ecological Technology and Engineering，Shanghai Institute of Technology，Shanghai 201418，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms （Environment），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding，Test Center for Ecological Environment Safety of Crops of MOA（Shanghai），Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform of Agricultural Biosafety Evaluation and Testing，Biotech Research Institute，Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shanghai 201106，China

Received:2026-05-26 Accepted:2026-07-14 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-09-11
Contact: Yuping JIANG,Beibei LYU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物微生物系统是转基因植物生态安全评价的重要组成部分。目前关于转基因植物影响微生物系统的生态效应及作用机制仍缺乏系统认识。系统总结了转基因植物对根际、叶际和内生微生物系统影响的研究进展。在此基础上，重点分析了Bt转基因和耐除草剂转基因作物对根际微生物系统群落的影响，阐述了根系分泌物、土壤环境因子及根际功能过程在微生物响应中的调控作用；进一步总结了叶际和内生微生物系统中宿主特征、环境因素及不同生态位互作对微生物群落响应的影响；比较了不同转基因性状对微生物系统作用模式的差异，并归纳了当前研究面临的问题与挑战，以期为微生物指标应用于转基因植物生态安全评价及风险分析提供理论依据。

关键词: 转基因植物, 植物微生物组, 根际微生物, 叶际微生物, 内生菌, 生态安全评价

Abstract:

Plant-associated microbial systems represent an important component of ecological risk assessment for genetically modified plants. However， the ecological effects and underlying mechanisms of genetically modified plants on microbial systems remain insufficiently understood. This review summarized recent advances in the impacts of genetically modified plants on rhizosphere microbiota， phyllosphere microbiota and endophytes. Focusing on rhizosphere microbiota， the effects of Bt-transgenic and herbicide-tolerant crops on microbial communities were analyzed， with emphasis on the regulatory roles of root exudates， soil environmental factors， and rhizosphere functional processes in microbial responses. Furthermore， the influences of host characteristics， environmental factors， and interactions among different ecological niches on microbial responses in phyllosphere microbiota and endophytes were summarized. The differences in microbial response patterns among various genetically modified traits were compared， and current research challenges were discussed. This review was expected to provide a theoretical basis for applying microbial indicators in ecological risk assessment and risk analysis of genetically modified plants.

Key words: genetically modified plants, plant microbiome, rhizosphere microbiota, phyllosphere microbiota, endophytes, ecological risk assessment

中图分类号:

Q943.2

任翔, 杨明超, 章寅, 陈一帆, 晁盛茜, 陈胜, 姜玉萍, 吕贝贝. 基于植物微生物系统的转基因植物生态安全评价研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2026, 16(4): 786-796.

Xiang REN, Mingchao YANG, Yin ZHANG, Yifan CHEN, Shengqian CHAO, Sheng CHEN, Yuping JIANG, Beibei LYU. Research Progress on Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants Based on Plant-associated Microbial Systems[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2026, 16(4): 786-796.

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链接本文: https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/10.19586/j.2095-2341.2026.0126

https://swjsjz.magtechjournal.com/CN/Y2026/V16/I4/786

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作物	主要响应微生物	变化趋势	功能/生态过程	参考文献
Bt水稻‘T1C-1’	变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、类亚硝化单胞菌（Nitrosomonas-like）	阶段性↑	C-N代谢增强、根际代谢重构	[17]
Bt水稻‘华恢1号’	芽孢杆菌科（Bacillaceae）、鞘脂单胞菌科（Sphingomonadaceae）	苗期↑，成熟期稳定	植物促生/拮抗菌富集	[18]
Bt水稻	酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）	Acidobacteria↓，Proteobacteria↑	寡营养型向富营养型转移	[19]
Bt玉米‘2A-7’	放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、β- 变形菌纲（Betap roteobacteria）	局部↑	土壤酶活增强（β-葡萄糖甘酶等）	[20]
Bt玉米‘2A-7’	亚硝化螺菌属（Nitrosospira）、硝化杆菌属（Nitrobacter）、硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）	短期波动	硝化作用调节	[21]
耐草甘膦大豆	根瘤菌属（Rhizobium）、慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus)	施药后↓，中后期逐渐恢复	生物固氮与共生受影响	[22]

作物	主要响应微生物	变化趋势	功能/生态过程	参考文献
Bt水稻‘T1C-1’	变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、类亚硝化单胞菌（Nitrosomonas-like）	阶段性↑	C-N代谢增强、根际代谢重构	[17]
Bt水稻‘华恢1号’	芽孢杆菌科（Bacillaceae）、鞘脂单胞菌科（Sphingomonadaceae）	苗期↑，成熟期稳定	植物促生/拮抗菌富集	[18]
Bt水稻	酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）	Acidobacteria↓，Proteobacteria↑	寡营养型向富营养型转移	[19]
Bt玉米‘2A-7’	放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、β- 变形菌纲（Betap roteobacteria）	局部↑	土壤酶活增强（β-葡萄糖甘酶等）	[20]
Bt玉米‘2A-7’	亚硝化螺菌属（Nitrosospira）、硝化杆菌属（Nitrobacter）、硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）	短期波动	硝化作用调节	[21]
耐草甘膦大豆	根瘤菌属（Rhizobium）、慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus)	施药后↓，中后期逐渐恢复	生物固氮与共生受影响	[22]

基于植物微生物系统的转基因植物生态安全评价研究进展

Research Progress on Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Plants Based on Plant-associated Microbial Systems

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