生物技术进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 44-52.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2025.0103

• 进展评述 • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体工程化改造及其在疾病治疗中的应用进展

刘鑫博1(), 孙浩琛1(), 吴怡轩1(), 李欢1(), 武文杰1, 焦立硕1, 虢力萌2, 薛彩月1, 隋宏书1(), 熊利欣1(), 任丽薇1()   

  1. 1.山东第一医科大学临床与基础医学院,济南 250117
    2.山东第一医科大学放射学院,山东 泰安 271016
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06 接受日期:2025-11-12 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-12
  • 通讯作者: 隋宏书,熊利欣,任丽薇
  • 作者简介:刘鑫博 E-mail: 3050404736@qq.com
    孙浩琛 E-mail: 1648801498@qq.com
    吴怡轩 E-mail: 1785296096@qq.com
    李欢 E-mail: lhymsdyk666@163.com第一联系人:(并列第一作者)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81670004);山东第一医科大学教育教学改革项目(JXGGYJ-22243253);山东第一医科大学课程思政教学研究项目(KZ2024KZ2024042);山东第一医科大学校级大学生创新创业训练项目(2024104390720)

Progress in Exosome Engineering Modification and its Application in Disease Therapy

Xinbo LIU1(), Haochen SUN1(), Yixuan WU1(), Huan LI1(), Wenjie WU1, Lishuo JIAO1, Limeng GUO2, Caiyue XUE1, Hongshu SUI1(), Lixin XIONG1(), Liwei REN1()   

  1. 1.College of Clinical and Basic Medicine,Shandong First Medical University,Jinan 250117,China
    2.College of Radiology,Shandong First Medical University,Shandong Taian 271016,China
  • Received:2025-08-06 Accepted:2025-11-12 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-12
  • Contact: Hongshu SUI,Lixin XIONG,Liwei REN

摘要:

外泌体(exosomes)是直径30~150 nm的天然细胞外囊泡,作为细胞间通讯的关键载体,其携带的蛋白质、核酸、脂质等生物活性分子,使其成为生物医学的研究热点。随着生物技术的发展,外泌体在疾病诊断、药物递送和组织再生等领域展现出巨大潜力。系统阐述了外泌体的基础生物学特性、工程化改造技术(包括基因工程、微流控和化学修饰)的最新突破,及其在肿瘤治疗、组织修复和神经退行性疾病中的创新应用。同时,深入分析了临床转化面临的关键挑战:规模化生产、靶向性优化与标准化。最后,展望了人工智能辅助设计、个性化医疗等未来研发方向。凭借独特的生物相容性与可编程性,工程化外泌体有望作为“下一代药物递送平台”,为精准医疗提供全新范式,具有广阔的临床应用前景。

关键词: 外泌体, 工程化改造, 临床转化

Abstract:

Exosomes, natural extracellular vesicles measuring 30~150 nm in diameter, serve as critical carriers for intercellular communication. The bioactive molecules they carry, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, have made them a research hotspot in biomedicine. With the development of biotechnology, exosomes have shown great potential in the fields of disease diagnosis, drug delivery and tissue regeneration. This review systematically elaborated on the basic biological characteristics of exosomes, the latest breakthroughs in their engineering modification technologies (including genetic engineering, microfluidic technology and chemical modification), and their innovative applications in cancer therapy, tissue repair and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the key challenges in clinical translation: large-scale production, targeting optimization and standardization. Finally, we looked forward to future directions such as artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted design, personalized medicine, and other future directions. Thanks to their unique biocompatibility and programmability, engineered exosomes are expected to serve as a "next-generation drug delivery platform", providing a new paradigm for precision medicine and holding broad clinical application prospects.

Key words: exosomes, engineering strategies, clinical translation

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