Abstract:

Salmon and trout are typical cold water fishes with high economic value and broad market prospect， and they are one of the important economic fishes in the world. In recent years， salmon and trout farming in China has been developing vigorously， with the increasing output and scale， and the continuous innovation of farming mode. At the same time， the outbreak of epidemic diseases of salmon and trout has become increasingly frequent everywhere， and there is still a big gap between the disease prevention and control system in China and those in major producing countries such as Norway and Chile， which seriously restricts the healthy development of the industry. Based on this， the research results on the symptoms and conditions of the main epidemic diseases of salmon and trout caused by bacteria， viruses and other pathogens were summarized， the corresponding diagnostic techniques were systematically introduced， and the domestic immune prevention and control measures of salmon and trout was focused on， in order to provide researchers with systematic basic knowledge， common detection techniques and immune prevention and control measures of common epidemic diseases of salmon and trout， and provide reference for practitioners and researchers to prevent and control salmon and trout diseases.

Key words: salmon and trout, epidemic disease, diagnosis, prevention

摘要：

鲑鳟鱼类是典型的冷水性鱼类，经济价值高，市场前景广阔，是世界重要经济鱼类之一。我国鲑鳟鱼类养殖近年来蓬勃发展，产量及规模不断提高，养殖模式不断创新，与此同时，各地鲑鳟鱼类流行疾病的暴发日趋频繁，国内疫病防控体系与挪威、智利等主产国仍存在较大差距，严重制约了产业的健康发展。基于此，概述了细菌、病毒及其他病原引起的鲑鳟鱼类主要流行性疫病的发病症状、发病条件等方面的研究成果，系统介绍了相应的诊断技术，并重点介绍了国内鲑鳟鱼类免疫防控手段，以期为研究人员提供较为系统的鲑鳟鱼类常见流行疫病相关基础知识、常用的检测技术以及免疫防控手段，为从业者和研究人员对鲑鳟鱼类疫病防控提供参考。

关键词: 鲑鳟鱼类, 流行疫病, 诊断, 防治