Abstract: Genome editing is of important value in gene function study and crop improvement, which depends on the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the genomic target sites created by RNA-guided endonuclease. During DSBs repaired through the error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) process or the more precise homology-directed repair (HDR) process, small insertions, deletions, or DNA fragment replacement will take place in the targeted gene(s). This review started with introduction of the mechanism and development process of genome editing, and focused on the recent progress of CRISPR/Cas based crop breeding, especially in food and cash crops, which was expected to provide useful reference for crop breeding.

Key words: genome editing, CRISPR/Cas, crop breeding

摘要： CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术在植物基因功能研究和作物遗传改良方面具有重要应用价值，其主要依赖gRNA引导核酸内切酶在目标基因组位置产生双链断裂（DSBs），DSBs在通过非同源末端连接（NHEJ）或同源重组（HDR）方式进行修复时，会引起靶标位置核苷酸序列的缺失、插入或者替换，从而实现基因编辑。介绍了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术的作用机理及发展趋势，并对CRISPR/Cas技术在主要粮食及经济作物育种中的应用进展进行了总结，以期为农作物育种提供有益的参考。

关键词: 基因编辑, CRISPR/Cas, 作物育种