Abstract: Biochar is produced by the pyrolysis of natural organic materials under oxygen-limited conditions. The key component element is carbon and the extent of aromatization is very high. The characteristics of biochar include highly porosity, big specific surface area, high charge density and decomposition resistant. Many studies suggest that biochar can change soil CEC and pH, improve soil fertility and health condition, increase crop yield and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. After amendment with biochar, soil microbial biomass is increased and microbial community structure is shift. Nevertheless, previous studies about biochar are still limit on apparent phenomenon. Further studies are needed to understand the inherent micro-mechanism of the biochar effects.

Key words: biochar, soil ecology, physic-chemical properties, microbial community

摘要： 生物焦是生物残体在厌氧条件下高温裂解产生的,其主要成分为碳,芳香化程度很高,具有孔隙多、比表面积大、电荷密度高、不易分解等特点。目前的一些研究显示,生物焦具有提高土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）和pH、改善土壤肥力和健康状况、增加作物产量、减少温室气体排放等作用。生物焦施于土壤后,还具有增加土壤微生物量、改变土壤微生物群落结构,促进部分微生物生长等影响效应。然而,目前有关生物焦的研究还大都局限于表观效应上,缺乏对其微观内在机制的深入探讨。

关键词: 生物焦, 土壤生态, 理化性质, 微生物